Monday, May 25, 2020

Essay on Containment Of Communism - 2213 Words

The Cold War is the closest the world has ever come to complete destruction. In this period of time, two world super powers were in a stalemate economically and militarily and were constantly competing to be the superior. The Cold War started as result of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union had some differences on their perspectives of the world. United States being the richest country in the world promoted democracy and capitalism in the world. The newly formed Soviet Union thought that communism was a better political system because it transformed their economy and status in the world from nothing but a declining empire to a super power once again. The Cold War was a long series of events in which the communist tried†¦show more content†¦It also was in American interest to rebuild European economies to market American goods in Europe and to receive the money Britain and France borrowed during the war. Congress wasn’t in favor of the proposed plan at first but following a coup by communist in Czechoslovakia, they approved it. With the Marshall plan helping to rebuild European industries and cities, Britain and France started to concentrate on reforming the currency of West Berlin. Trying to forestall that development Soviet Union imposed a blockade on all railroads, highways and rivers leading to West Berlin. Without thinking twice president Truman airlifted 2.5 million tons, one ton per person, of food and fuel over the blockade which later persuaded Stalin, the Soviets party leader to take the blockade down. After the coup of Czechoslovakia, U.S. thought that they were in need of an official alliance with the counties opposing communism. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was founded in April 1949. They agreed that they would stand by each other, as one and any attack on a member of the alliance is an attack on all constituents. In 1949 in response to NATO the Soviet Union formed the COMECON (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) as a result of the Warsaw Pact, in 1955 that included Eastern European nations such as Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia and Soviet Union. To stay on top of the game Truman turned tot the National Security Council (NSC). TheShow MoreRelatedContainment of Communism2228 Words   |  9 Pagesnewly formed Soviet Union thought that communism was a better political system because it transformed their economy and status in the world from nothing but a declining empire to a super power once again. The Cold War was a long series of events in which the communist tried to spread their ideas of government and socialist economy, known as expansionism, and the United States and some of the other Western powers such as Great Britain tried to contain it. Containment, a term introduced by George F. KennanRead MoreThe Containment Of Communism And The Cold War1343 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Potsdam Conference that was attended by the current British, American, and Soviet leaders. After the use of the atomic bombs and Japan’s surrender, President Truman gave as speech that outlined the â€Å"containment† of communism that bec ame known as the Truman Doctrine. The containment of communism was the foundation for the Cold War. Both the Americans and the Soviets did not want to get in a physical or â€Å"Hot War† against each other, and this led to the â€Å"Cold War†, financial or military supportingRead MoreThe Containment Of Communism And The United States2330 Words   |  10 PagesAt the time of America s involvement in the war in Indochina, much of American foreign policy was seen from the point of view of the Cold War; the ultimate victory of the United States over the Soviet Union, Capitalism over Communism and the United States acting on behalf of the ËÅ"free people of the world. After 1945 and the end of the Second World War, America had emerged as a dominant power and triggered the development of an American ideal. This ideal was based on national pride, built up onRead MoreTruman s Policy On Containment Of Communism1548 Words   |  7 Pages In daylight of President Eisenhowerâ €™s policy on containment of communism, the Soviets feel they have no choice but to resist any such efforts. While we have successfully positioned ourselves as the number one nuclear power on the planet, Nikita Khrushchev has built up a nuclear power of his own. I have gathered classified information leading me to believe that Khrushchev has landed these weapons of mass destruction in Cuba as part of a â€Å"nuclear pressure† policy, code named â€Å"Anadyr† (Zubok, 144)Read MoreContainment: Vietnam War and Communism Essay examples947 Words   |  4 PagesAll Odds of Communism After the defeat of the Axis powers in World War II it was apparent that the victors would come out as the new world powers. With the United States and the Soviet Union being the strongest nations of the victorious Allies they were the two countries who emerged as the new world powers but their views varied drastically. The Democratic United States and the Communist Soviets butted heads about each others views and the U.S. wanted to halt the spread of communism so it couldn’tRead More Evaluating the Success of Americas Policy of Containment of Communism1031 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica’s Policy of Containment American policy of containment refers to the foreign policy strategy of the US in the early years of the Cold war. The policy was to defeat the Soviet Union by preventing it from expanding the territories under its Communist control or otherwise extending its influence. This, naturally, resulted in strained relations and rivalry between the two superpowers. Despite the many difficulties, American policy of containment during the KoreanRead MoreTo What Extent Did Communism And The Containment Policy? Essay1788 Words   |  8 PagesTo what extent did communist ideology lead to Truman s containment policy? The great historian and moralist Lord Acton once stated; â€Å"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.† The context of his statement was likely directed toward monarchies of the 1800’s but, his words speak truth that resonates still today. The opposing political ideologies of communism and capitalism both seek to balance power, promote fairness, and limit corruption. Both ideologies have very differentRead MoreThe Containment Policy Was Aimed At Ending The Spread Of Communism1595 Words   |  7 PagesUS containment policy was aimed at ending the spread of communism. How the above plan was put into action after the Soviet Union made several attempts to stretch to Africa, China, Korea, Vietnam and Eastern Europe. How the restriction made it impossible for nations to be seen as distinct, with varying histories, cultures and predicaments. Vietnam being a highly varied nation with an extensive past on the elongated journey for their independence, losing their identity was not a very welcome idea toRead MoreFrom The Dropping Of The Atomic Bombs On Japan In 19451498 Words   |  6 Pagesa foreign policy of containment to curb the spread of Soviet communism throughout the world. The U.S. spent billions of dollars during the Cold War period on foreign policies of containment, but is criticized that these strategies were ineffective in containing the spread of communism. In 1946, The Long Telegram, put forth by the father of the containment theory, George F. Kennan, stated that in order to defeat Soviet communism the U.S. must to thwart the spread of communism throughout the worldRead MoreWhy USA Became Involved in Vietnam Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesEuropean countries one by one with communism. However, it grew more serious when China fell to communism in 1949, closely followed by North Korea in 1950. There was a fear that communism would spread all over the world. The Domino Theory was a long term cause of why the USA became involved in Vietnam because the term was invented long before the Vietnam war. A second reason why the USAbecame involved in Vietnam was the US policy of containment which is why Truman supported

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Progressivism Defined Roots and Goals

Progressivism in American politics refers to a reform movement advocating progress – change and improvement – over conservatism, preserving the status quo. The term has been used in several ways, but primarily has referred to the Progressive Movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Out of the Enlightenment in Europe came the idea that both knowledge and economic growth would advance civilization and the human condition. The philosopher Kant talked about progress from barbarism towards civilization, and to those who espoused progressivism, the movement was clearly one of ethical response to practices and conditions seen as barbarous, and towards practices and conditions seen as fostering human flourishing. Public Housekeeping Earlier in the 19th century, a separate spheres ideology envisioned a strict division of public and private spheres – with women in charge of the home or domestic or private sphere, and men of the public sphere, including government and business.  (Of course those enslaved and often those of the poorest classes had little experience of such separation.) Some envisioned the entry of women into reform movements as an extension of their private sphere responsibilities: public housekeeping. What Was Progressivism a Response to? Progressivism was a reaction to the increasing economic inequality that was a product of the Industrial Revolution and virtually unregulated capitalism, including exploitation of labor.  An influx of immigrants into the United States and a massive movement of people from farms to urban areas, often employed in the new industries at low wages and poor working conditions, created slums, poverty, child labor, class conflict, and significant potential for unrest. The end of the Civil War had two major influences on progressivism. One was that many reformers believed that the ending of slavery, after the agitation of the abolitionists, proved that reform movements were capable of making much change.   Another was that, with the freeing of those who had been enslaved but the residual effects of a story of â€Å"natural† inferiority of those of African descent, racism and the rise of Jim Crow laws in the South began to drive many of the formerly enslaved to seek refuge in Norther n cities and the growing industries, creating racial tensions that were in some ways nurtured by the powerful to â€Å"divide and conquer.† Religion and Progressivism: the Social Gospel Protestant theology, already evolving in the face of the growth of liberal religions like Universalism and of increasing questioning of traditional authority and ideas because of Enlightenment-rooted ideas of textual criticism, responded to the growing economic and social exploitation of many with a doctrine of the Social Gospel.  This movement applied Biblical principles to social problems (see Matthew 25), and also taught that solving social problems in this life was a necessary precursor to the Second Coming. Progress and Poverty In 1879, economist Henry George published Progress and Poverty: An Inquiry into the Cause of Industrial Depressions and of Increase of Want with Increase of Wealth: The Remedy. The book was highly popular, and has sometimes been used as a marker for the beginning of the Progressive Era. In this volume, Henry George explained how economic poverty could grow at the same time as economic and technological expansion and growth. The book also explained how economic boom and bust cycles were generated from social policy. Twelve Key Areas of Progressive Social Reform There were other areas as well, but these were key areas of social reform addressed by progressivism. The â€Å"single tax† movement, rooted in Henry George’s economic writing, promoted the idea that public financing should rely primarily on a land value tax, rather than on taxing labor and investment.Conservationism: the promotion of nature and wildness had roots in Transcendentalism and the Romanticism of the earlier 19th century, but Henry George’s writings gave an economic justification as well for ideas about the â€Å"commons† and its protection.Quality of life in the slums: progressivism saw that human flourishing was less possible in the poverty conditions of the slums – from hunger to unsafe housing to lack of light in apartments to lack of sanitation to access to heat in cold weather.Labor rights and conditions: the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire was the most dramatic of many industrial accidents in which workers perished or were injured because of poor working conditions.   Labor organizing was generally supported by the Progressive m ovement, and so were creation of safety codes for factories and other buildings.Shorter working days: the eight-hour day enforced by overtime requirements was a long fight on the part of the Progressive movement and the labor movement, at first with active opposition from courts which found that changes in labor laws interfered with the individual rights of corporate owners.Child labor: the progressives came to oppose permitting children at young ages could be employed in dangerous occupations, from four year olds selling newspapers in the street to children in the mines to children operating dangerous machinery in textile mills and factories.   The anti-child-labor activism continued into the 20th century, and the highest courts at first made it difficult to pass such laws.Women’s rights: though the women’s rights movement began organizing before the Progressive Era, and arguably helped begin it, the Progressive Era saw the expansion of women’s rights from ch ild custody to more liberal divorce laws to information about contraceptives and family planning to â€Å"protective labor laws† to make it possible for women to be both mothers and workers.  Women finally were able to get a constitutional amendment in 1920 removing sex as a barrier to voting.Temperance and prohibition: because, with few social programs and few women’s rights, excessive drinking could threaten the livelihood and even life of the members of the drinker’s family, many women and men fought to make it more difficult to buy and consume alcohol.Settlement houses: more educated women and men moved into poor neighborhoods and â€Å"settled† there to experiment with what was needed by the people in the neighborhood to improve their lives.  Many who worked in settlement houses went on to work for other social reforms.Better government: in the face not only of increased concentrations of money into corporate hands, but also the rise of big city machine politics, reforming government to put more power into the hands of ordinary Americans was a major part of progressivism. This included establishing a primary system where voters, not party leaders, selected candidates for their party, and it included direct election of Senators, rather than having them elected by state legislatures.Limits on corporate power: busting and regulating monopolies and establishing antitrust laws were policies seen as not only benefiting more people and preventing unconscionable wealth disparities, but also as a way for capitalism to function more effectively through a more competitive market.  Muckraking journalism helped expose corruption in politics and business, and motivate limits on both government and business power.Race: Some reformers worked for racial inclusion and racial justice.  African Americans founded reform organizations of their own, such as the NACW, working for such issues as education, women’s rights, child labor ref orm. The NAACP brought together white and black reformers in response to destructive riots. Ida B. Wells-Barnett worked to end lynching.   Other progressives (like Woodrow Wilson) enforced and promoted racial segregation. Other reforms included the Federal Reserve system, scientific approaches (i.e. evidence-based approaches) to education and other fields, efficiency methods applied to government and business, improvements in medicine, immigration reform, food standards and purity, censorship in motion pictures and books (defended as promoting healthy families and good citizenship), and much more.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Synopsis Of Recent Session During The Last Session Essay

Synopsis of Recent Session During the last session, AT’s demeanor was more open and relaxed. AT openly discussed her fears about her son. She mentioned that middle-school required much more than any school he had previously attended. AT described how her son’s behavior had begun to change. When stressed, he often made fists and dug his fingernails into the palms of his hands. She also reported that he secluded himself in his room and would sway gently to â€Å"get himself under control†. AT said she was concerned that the new behaviors were signs of oncoming self-abuse. She explained that his behavior reminded her of when she used to cut her leg to relieve emotional pain. Just over one year ago, AT experienced an episode of suicidal ideation and had, on another occasion, attempted to commit suicide by taking pills. Her cutting behaviors occurred just prior to those episodes. She was hospitalized and stated that she was afraid that either she or her son would get hospitalized. AT stated tha t she was afraid her PTSD or post-partem experiences had â€Å"ruined† her son. The remainder of the session included creating a genogram of her mother’s side of the family (see Appendix A). †¢ Her great-grandmother was abandoned by her husband. She raised seven children alone, but was closest to her first-born, AT’s grandmother. AT believes that her great-grandmother has sensory issues. †¢ AT’s grandmother was abandoned and divorced by three husbands. Her fourth husband helped her raise her twoShow MoreRelatedForeclosure Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesis how it will work. First you will go to the website www.OwnAhome.com to apply online to a 50 class size program. When you first log in to the website it will first about the reasons for setting up this particular program and give you a detailed synopsis of the program. Once you have read the information, you will ask any set of questions of your choice and we will give you an answer instantly. After you ask all of your questions you will then scroll down and see what this program offers such asRead MoreCreation And Development Of The Program2297 Words   |  10 PagesConcerns†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Current and New Employees†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 How Each Training Session Will be Conducted†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....5 First Day, Training Session #1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....6 First Day, Training Session #2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 First Day, Training Session #3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Second Day, Training Session #1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Second Day, Training Session #2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Conclusion..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreCost Benefit Analysis Of Spotsylvania County Public Schools1518 Words   |  7 PagesCost Benefit Analysis In recent years, the homeschooled population in Spotsylvania County Public Schools (SCPS) has continued to grow. Due to state regulations, the governing body of the division, the Spotsylvania County School Board (SCSB) developed a policy to address the procedures and protocols necessary to guide homeschooling options in the division: Policy LBD (2015) (See Appendix A). According to L. Binion, Guidance Director for SCPS, currently the division has 1,036 registered and 31 pendingRead MoreBBS22 Marketing Management Study Guide approved8724 Words   |  35 Pages TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE WELCOME MESSAGE 4 1. INTRODUCTION 5 a. Background details b. Module aims c. Programme goals 2. MODULE OUTLINE 8 a. Module learning outcomes b. Themes and topics c. Learning materials 3. MODULE DELIVERY SCHEDULE 23 a. Session arrangements b. Student engagement c. Office hours arrangements 4. ASSESSMENT DETAILS 27 a. Assignments b. Module assessment components i. Assignment 1 ii. Assignment 2 iii. Examination 5. GRADING 31 a. University grading policy b. Grade descriptorsRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy For Insomnia2852 Words   |  12 Pages Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Bobbi Marie Pollard Loyola University Chicago School of Social Work Abstract Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is a recent framework developed to address the dysfunctional cognitions and behaviors that contribute to poor sleeping patterns. Insomnia often presents as a comorbidity to a medical or psychiatric disorder, but may also be an isolated diagnosis. According to research studies, benzodiazepine-receptor agonists (BzRAs) and cognitiveRead MoreThesis on Print Media16077 Words   |  65 Pages..............10 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN.....................................................................16 LOUISIANA STATE LEGISLATURE.....................................................................................16 LEGISLATIVE SESSION .....................................................................................................16 SAMPLING........................................................................................................................17 ANECDOTAL DATARead MoreFacts About Heroin And How They Influence Social Work ers Essay2232 Words   |  9 Pagesaddiction, versus being arrested for problems related to being an addict. Although some are worried the resources to help the addicts are not being fairly distributed in the communities of minorities like it is in the mostly white communities. Per a recent article, the heroin overdose death rates of whites have increased 267% from 2010 to 2014, with Native Americans being 31% behind them. At the same time, death rates have more than doubled in African Americans and Latinos. Jacqueline Robarge, founderRead MoreInterview With Ms. Carla London1974 Words   |  8 Pagesfollow through. The Educator and the family decide on the time and the meeting place (most setting are outside the home, the library or even McDonalds), for each session a parent or guardian must be present. This requirement is for the safety of all involved.† We then moved to the next set of questions. I related to Ms. London that during my research for this interview I found three articles of interest to me in which she is mentioned and that I desired to know more about these programs and to getRead MoreCognitive Behavioural Therapy for Ptsd9239 Words   |  37 Pagesstage (National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, n.d.; Sharpless, amp; Barber, 2011). A further early intervention after the first 4 days, but before 30 days after exposure to the trauma are, Brief Cognitive Therapy for 4 to 5 sessions; Social support; Psychoeduaction and normalization; Imipramine; Propranolol; Prazosin; Other Antidepressants; Anticonvulsants; Atypical Antipsychotics; Spiritual support; Psychological First Aid (Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of DefenseRead MoreSilver Linings Playbooks by David O. Russell Essay2552 Words   |  11 Pages Synopsis Silver Linings Playbooks tells the story of Pat Solitano Jr. (played by Bradley Cooper), a high school teacher diagnosed with bipolar disorder who is trying to get his life back together. The movie opens as Pat is released from a psychiatric hospital after eight months of treatment and moves back in with his parents. He is determined to get back together with his wife, Nikki, despite all the signs that say she does not want to be with him - such as the restraining order she filed against

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

1936 Nazi Olympics Essay Example For Students

1936 Nazi Olympics Essay The 1936 Olympics have become a mere footnote in history, remembered mostly for the heroics of Jesse Owens. The events that followed in Germany, namely the Holocaust and World War II overshadowed the Berlin games. However, it is very important to note that a world gathering like the Olympics could take place in a country that was in the process of eliminating an entire race of people. These games were used by the Nazis as a huge propaganda effort for Germany to show to the rest of the world that they had again become a powerful nation under the leader of the Adolf Hitler. The games were a huge success in this regard, the Nazi regime was able to fool and world and prove to Germany that they were everything the Nazi had said. But did the Olympic Games have any effect on the chain of events that led up the Holocaust and World War II?Germans became quite obsessed with sport in the 1870s following the end of the Napoleonic wars in Europe. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn popularized gymnastics which became a staple of the German education system. At this time gymnastics was not the sport we think of today, but instead more of a show of mass strength and to promote national unity in the newly formed Germany at the end of the nineteenth century.These ideas were very popular and every German youth was required to participate in them as part of their education. Along with promoting sporting programs in school, the Germans played a major role in the reinstatement of the Olympics. Men like Jahn and Ernest Curtius went around the country giving speeches on the subject. The goal was to create a powerful state like the old Greeks, and the holding of annual athletic Olympics was a big part of this idea. With the help of the Germans as well as many other European nations the Olympics were reinstated in 1896, with the first Olympics being held in Athens Greece. The Germans waited patiently and were extremely happy when they were awarded the With Olympiad, scheduled to take place in Berlin in 1916. By the time 1916 arrived most of Europe was involved in the Great War which was entirely blamed on Germany and these games were canceled to the great disappointed of the German sports officials. During the next three Olympics: Paris in Belgium in 1920, Paris in 1924, and Amsterdam in 1928 the Germans were not even invited to compete. During this time Germanys sports program was almost non existent, the only countries they competed with were there World War One allies and this was only sparingly.During this time the Weimar Republic was beginning to rebuild itself in the eyes of the world and the International Olympic Committee met in 1933 to decide who would be granted the 1936 games they only had two proposals one from Spain and one from Germany. At this time most of the world was mired in a deep depression and Germany was more confident about the ir economic situation that the rest of the world because many of the National Socialists plans were working. The main reason the Germans were awarded the games was because they already had most of the buildings and equipment built from their preparations for the 1916 Olympics. The IOC was confident that the Germans would be able to put on the games financially. Just months after the games were awarded to Berlin Hitler and the Nazi party began there astonishing political ascent in Germany. In July, just two months after the IOC met the Nazi party becomes the largest party in the Reichstag. In January of the following year Hitler is named Chancellor of Germany denoting him as the leader of the largest party in the Reichstag. On February 27th, 1933 just a month after he becomes Chancellor the Reichstag burns down. In March he gets congress to pass the enabling acts which suspends the Weimar Constitution and the personal liberties it guaranteed for four years. This set the table for hi s dictatorship, which he gained on August 3rd 1936 when President Hindenburg dies. Anti-Semitism was rising in Germany even before the death of Hindenburg. Jewish people were already having there houses, apartments and Cenogouges ransacked. Anti-Jewish publication like Der Sturmer were very popular throughout Germany and Nazi propaganda from Joseph Goebbels calling for the mistreatment of Jews was prevalent. When Hitler became dictator the anti-Semitism was escalated by the Nazis, Jews had their citizenship taken away from them when the Nuremberg laws were passed on November, 1935. These laws said thata Reich citizen is only that subject of German or kindred blood who proves by his conduct that he is willing and suited loyally to serve the German People and the Reich. This law took the civil liberties away from many Jews in German, including athletes. After the enacting of the Nuremberg the Reichsportfuhrer, Captain Hans von Tschammer und Osten gave this order to all German athletic clubs and associations. Anyone who sets himself up as a defender of Jewry no longer has any place in our associations. Every personal contact with Jews is to be avoided. There is absolutely nothing for any Jew in German mens associations. Let us take as our example the heroic struggle that Julius Streicher, the Gauleiter of Franconia, has been waging for many years against the Jews. We too, with our societies, must help him on to final victory. It is the obvious duty of our associations to give the defense movement against Jewry our energetic support.As a result of this statement no Jewish people or Mischlings were allowed to compete on German sports teams. This led to the dumping of some very good talent. Alex Natan, Germanys fastest sprinter defected to Great Britain. Dr. Daniel Prenn, Germanys best tennis player was kicked off of their Davis Cup tea m by the German Lawn Tennis Association when they announced that no non Aryans would be allowed to compete. The most celebrated example of Jewish discrimination was against Helene Mayer who was born to a Christian Mother and a Jewish father, making her a Mischling under the Nuremberg. Mrs. Mayer was the most famous female fencer in the world, when she was expelled from her fencing club and told she would not be allowed to compete in the upcoming Olympics. Even though there was a lot of racial violence going on in Germany, there was no serious moral outcry for a boycott from most of the nations. Tentative movements for boycotting the Berlin games occurred in Sweden, The Netherlands, and Czechoslovakia. In the end though the only country to boycott the games was Ireland. In Great Britain Walter Maclennon wrote a pamphlet called Under the heel of Hitler: The Dictatorship over sport in Nazi German, in which he called for protests against the nazification of German Sport. Maclennon was right sports were under the regulations of the Nazi party, but his outcry gained very little support in Great Britain and there was never a real outcry for them to boycott the games. For the most part Britain took the view stated by Lord Aberdeen, who saidBritain should have no problem attending the Berlin Olympics, since it had so few Jewish Citizens. Maclennon was absolutely right though, sports in the Reich had been taken over completely by the Nazi Party with Reichsportsfuhrer Tschammer und Osten in control would pay women to have the children of great German athletes. The foreward of the proficiency Book for German Youths outlined the role athletics would take in Nazi Germany. Physical training is not the private concern of the individual. The National Socialist movement orders every German to place his whole self at its service. Your body belongs to your country, since it is to your country that you owe your existence. You are responsible to your country for your body. Fulfil the demands of this manual, and you will fulfil your duty to the German people.In Germany this meant that if you showed talent in a specific sport you would shipped off to its training location where you would live and train, much like what the Soviet Union did in the second half of the twentieth century. Sports was clearly a part of the Nazis plans of c reating a strong nation and promoting Aryan domination. The Berlin games would be the pinnacle of this plan. But only in the whole world was there, which at times was a huge question mark. Civil Disobedience in American History EssayThe opening ceremonies were a lavish well orchestrated event that focused around the Fuhrer. A blonde haired blue eyed marathon runner was the last of the 3,000 Olympic torch bearers. Bearing the flame high above his head in a silver torch, a tall blonde runner raced swiftly through the stadium today, with even glides and perfect grace he dipped the flame before Adolf Hitler and sprinted up the stairs to the Olympic Alter. After the lighting of the flame, to the cheers of a roaring crowd Adolf Hitler pronounced, I declare the games of Berlin in celebration of the 11th Olympiad of modern times have opened. Many of the nations gave Hitler the Nazi salute as they passed by on the flag procession, among them France and Canada. America simply doffed their hats to him which caused them to be booed by the 110,000 fans. This however, was the only non-roar heard out of the crowd, this was a very successful large scale Nazi rally that proved to the world that the Germans were once again capable of being a world power. It was Hitlers full sponsorship of the games that made them such a huge success. Both Hitler and Goebbels viewed the games as a grand opportunity to raise gigantic monuments and to state civically beneficial pomp and ceremonyHitler remained in his seat throughout the two weeks of the games, always flanked by both Goebbels and Himmler. Parties were thrown every night by Nazi leaders to prove how power and majestic Germany had become since the Nazis took over political control. In American papers you could not find a bad word spoken about Adolf Hitler, in fact he was referred to as the Caesar of our generation by the associated press. After the opening ceremonies the games were almost anti-climatic. The Americans surged out early with huge wins in track and field. The hero the games was Jesse Owens who won three gold medals and gave the Nazi theory of Aryan domination a slap in the face. American papers proclaimed the next day, After the track and field events the Americans held a lead of 95 points. As the games continued though the lead narrowed at the end of competition the Germans had pulled off a huge upset by defeating the Americans by 57 points in the final point tally. At the end of the games with their victory in hand the German Crowd Shouted, Sieg Heil user Fuhrer Adolf Hitler Sieg Heil after he proclaimed the XIth olympiad over. The next day every German newspaper read we won. Aside from the German victory, Italy scored more points that France and took third, and Japan scored more points than Great Britain for the first time in Olympic history. As a result of these results high praises of Totalitarianism were also seen in all of the German newspapers, The preparations rested on the totality of the nationalist art of government and its fundamental idea of the community of the whole people. The world stands in honest admiration before this work because it has totalitarian character. Without unitary will that which today has astonished the world would have been impossible. It is the supreme achievement of the totalitarian state.. American sportswriters were also singing the praises of Germany. The New York Times reported, at the conclusion of the games the Reich has more reason than ever to sit back and admire the Athletic miracle that has just happened to them. The victory also caused sportswriters to question the AAU and AOC, America must work out a new method of choosing and training its teams to meet the fiercely nationalistic feelings of a number of countries.The Nazi Olympics was truly a huge world success, the question then was what would they do with this success. Things in Germany went back to normal almost immediately, the persecution of the Jews picked back up, heading on a course of mass destruction. The Olympic flame had hardly grown cold when Hitler made this Racist comment about the Americans at a Nazi rally, The Americans should be ashamed of themselves for letting their medals be won by Negroes. I would never shake hands with one of them. Things in Germany were back to normal, only now Hitler and Nazi party had an even firmer platform on which to stand. They had used the athletes of the Germany to prove their theories about Aryan domination. The success of the eleventh Olympiad gave Hitler an enormous boost, both in the moral and political feelings of Germany. The world had come to Berlin, with doubts an left overwhelmed by the show they had just seen.Hitler, however was only happy with success of the Olympics for so long when his giant ego and visions of grandeur got the better of him. In the Spring of 1937, Hitler announced that Ger many would begin having National Socialist sporting meets that were to be much like the original Olympics of the ancient Greeks. He then wrote this note to the IOC, In 1940 the Olympic games will take place in Tokyo. But thereafter they will take place in Germany for all time to come in this stadium. And then we will determine the measurements of the athletic field. The stadium Hitler was talking about was not the Berlin Reichsportsfield that had served as the main stadium for the Olympics games. Instead, he was speaking of the stadium designed by architect Albert Speer, who tried to warn Hitler that the stadium was an impossibility(Hitler would not listen). The stadium was to be called the Nuremberg Reichsportsfield and was to have had a seating capacity of 400,000.The lofty plan failed, not one brick was ever laid for the stadium. Obviously the Berlin Games were a huge success for Hitler and Nazi party, but the question we have to ask is did it in any way lead to the horrific events in Germany over the next nine years. This is an impossible question to answer because the Jewish persecutions already seemed to be headed down a horrifying road even before the games began. Yes, the Nazis were able to fool the world during these games and make them believe they were giving Jews as much freedom as the Americans were giving African Americans. However, even if the games had not been held there that year the persecutions would have continued down the same path to the Holocaust. I do however believe that this was the worlds one chance to stop the Nazis actions against the Jews before they really got started. A serious boycott effort by the powerful nations of the world like the United States would have been damning to the Nazi efforts who needed all the world to be there. A boycott would have crushed all of the Nazi plans because it would have made them look bad in front of their own people and it would have made the games that year a disaster. 30 million would have been wasted on an Olympics with no significant countries participating. That being said the world can hardly be blamed for going to the Berlin Olympics, because who could have ever dreamed that in ten years these same gracious hosts would have murdered over six million Jews