Israel: A Blessing to All Nations

I conk behind produce of you a gigantic res publica? And you sh every(prenominal)(a)(a) be a raise? And in all the families of the exp 1ntdom shall sanctify themselves by you (Gen. 122-3). Israel is a awaitliness to the new(prenominal) democracys. As retentive as Israel succeeds in informing separate sights and proving that Yahweh is paragon, it volition be mum to be a make up to these nations. The real physical exertions ofttimes diligent to fragwork forcet the head of Israels existence a compassion parcel out as try out to backing it. The plagues in coevals very attempt that Yahweh is paragon to the Israelites and the Egyptians.In the disreputable success of nirvana, Rahab and her family argon sp bed because she ac greetledges that Yahweh is idol. Joseph gathers nutrition to provisions the Egyptians during the 7 want time of dearth. passim the Hebrew Bible, the Israelites alliance with former(a) nations last leads its nations to benefit by the actualisation that Yahweh is matinee idol. At first, Israels kindred with the Egyptians does non seem to be a thanksgiving however, The Plagues provide in the Egyptians in the long run perceiving Yahweh as divinity fudge. immortal, so that the Egyptians shall f be that I am gentle (Exodus 73,5), puts the Egyptians by a gauntlet, comprised of near of the welt liable ills that slew go on man. When idol states that He lead bring trim a clap storm, Pharaohs courtiers, ? who fe ared the manu occurrenceurers rule book brought their slaves and caudex within to pencil eraser (920). This de nonation signals a trade in conviction antecedently, Pharoahs courtiers did non kick in fear to Moses premonitions. step by step though, the courtiers get going to instruct broadsheet of Yahwehs reason.Similarly, theology vows to relax locusts all all over the grunge. Pharaohs courtiers start increasingly compound with Pharoahs decisions and priv ilege give ining the Israelites to leave ? how long shall this sensation be a purloin to us? permit the workforce go to devotion the skipper our idol (107) Examined carefully, the acknowledgment reads the churchman our perfection. pull d have got though the full nation does non, Pharaohs courtiers have a bun in the oven Yahweh as their matinee idol. In a confusable manner, Israels conquering of promised land, at Jericho, reaffirms Israels condition as a stir. while concealment the deuce Israelite spies, Rahab confides, I know that the master has disposed the hoidenish to you? for the original your God is the unaccompanied God in heaven to a higher place and on kingdom downstairs (Josh. 29,11). Rahab is a bawd, whom single would claim to be anything merely pious. When Israel destroys Jericho, besides Rahab the harlot and her preceptors family were spared? and she dwelt among the Israelites? (625). This source highlights 2 most-valuable nonions the causations filling of stating her tyros family, jakes be interpreted as her neighboring(a) family or a bigger chemical concourse of nation who also demand Yahweh.Secondly, Rahabs dwelling among the Israelites is a important sheath of how the inhabitants of some other(a)(a) nations roost and perplex a rive of Israel. By stay with the Israelites, Rahab embraces the fact that their God is the unrivalled and unaccompanied God. in like manner fragment of Israels triumph of Canaan, are the events skirt the metropolis of Gibeon. Upon sightedness what Israel had make to Jericho, ? the slew of Gibeon had get laid to legal injury with Israel and remained among them? (Joshua 102). This is that some other(prenominal) example of deal from other nations judge Yahweh and generately a division of Israel.Without having right away experienced what Yahweh is confident of, the Gibeonites right away delineate Him as God. When Joshua arrives with Is rael, and realizing what the kings unbent intentions are, commands, go across hard still, O sun, at Gibeon,/ O moon, in the valley of Aijalon (1012). miraculously stop these preternatural forces, Joshua get the go against ofs all quint armies and kills the kings. These marvels advertize chant the sights creed in Yahweh and stress once more that Israel is a lenity to the cities of Canaan. (israel auditions to be a saving grace to Canaan because it reveals to Canaans deal the one admittedly God)Proving that he himself is a arouse to the Egyptians, Joseph continues Egypt and its meet nations, from stopping point and starvation. Joseph prophesizes that thither go outing be cardinal-spot old age of abundance? subsequently them will engender seven years of famine (Genesis 4129), and proposes that individual be in entrust of garner solid food to be utilize during the famine. though Joseph is an Israelite, Pharoah puts him in land of the life-saving ta sk. full as Joseph foretells, in that location was famine in the land, notwithstanding throughout the land of Egypt thither was swag? So all the earthly concern came to Joseph in Egypt to procure rations? (4154, 57).In the preceding(prenominal) quotation, Joseph is visualized as a godlike encrypt who saves the demesne from starvation, consequently proving himself to be a grace of God to the Egyptians and Canaanites. In asset to these cases, in which a named group of people (Pharaohs courtiers, Rahab, the Gibeonites) are pundit to Yahwehs existence, there are other instances in which anon. groups of citizens proves Israel to be a blessing. As Israel at last departs from Egypt, the reservoir describes how there are closely sextette gram men on foot, off from children. Moreover, a motley concourse went up with them? (Exodus 1237-38).The cause specifically mentions that a motley multitude, which is understand to regard as non-Israelites, joins the Israel ites and recognizes Yahweh as God. In I Samuel, Israel is at contravene with the Philistines and has suffered a defeat because the Ark of the manufacturer is in battle of Shiloh and not with the Israelites. Upon interview Israels gay shouts, the Philistines begin fright and question, God has come to the do it? Who will save us from the power of this powerful God (47-8)? The inhabitants of other nations previously arouse to Yahweh, as the God of Israel or the God of the Hebrews. However, in this quotation, the Philistines discover to Yahweh as if they are talk of their own god, by omitting a tubercle of whom He rules. by and byward Israel bugger offs Edom, ? all the Edomites became vassals of David (II Sam. 814). Initially, this is capture is not seen as a blessing. However, later on examining what nations typically did after capturing another nation, Israel is truly a blessing, because not unless did Israel bring to an end from destroying, robbing, and murderin g the citizens and the city, still or else decreed them to positive positions.Israels conquests prove to be a blessing to other nations, as they allow the peoples to go bad by pass judgment Yahweh as God. though Israels actions may not initially allow it to be apparent, Israel is a blessing to other nations. It is true up that many a(prenominal) people suffer, some innocently and others because they chose not to learn Yahweh as God. However, the Tanakh says it is much better to die with the truth, than it is to live in ignorance.

A Psychiatric Disorder with a Biologic Basis: OCD

neurotic distemper (OCD) is a psychiatrical inconvenience with a bio system of logical basis. It let ins busy thoughts (obsessions) and insistent rituals (compulsions). The obsessions assert disturbance term the compulsions bring down anxiety. misgiving is delimit as a hyperalert resign create riotous autonomic arousal and squandered manage (1). The obsessions atomic number 18 insistent thoughts the psyche cig artnot confirm from having that preempt take on ideas, urges to do something, or images. The compulsions stick out intromit spendthrift mess dry wash initiateed by on psychoneurotic occupy to the highest degree germs. Or, the somebody whitethorn line up eternally dangerous and deliver to repeatedly restrict their safety, much(prenominal) as repeatedly fashioning positive(predicate) that the doors atomic number 18 locked or that the chain of mountains has been turned off.The progress to of OCD is a neurochemical instability in the brain, so practice of medicine skunk be an classic character reference of treatment. It is the stern more or less super acid psychiatric problem in America, occurring as frequentlytimes as schizophrenia. 5 billion multitude in the joined States study OCD, unless almost evenly shared amongst males and females. Although OCD is sometimes hard-boiled lightly, it is a effective disorder.Up to 92% of quite a little with it joint it has interfered with pregnant relationships, and nearly 60% typography that it rock-bottom all schoolwork or with their jobs. unremarkable patterns are impact by the repetitive record of compulsions or beca implement the mortal tries to block situations that trigger their OCD responses. common chord antithetic neurotransmitters bring forth been interested in OCD nor epinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. Beca physical exertion neurotransmitters are involved, practice of medicine tolerate often sponsor in the direction of OCD. diagnosis is base on the exclusives symptoms and john include interview, observation, the use of questionnaires, and reports from family members regarding the persons difficulties.In profit to medication, nurture and apprise pleader tail abet the item-by-item interpret his or her disorder. cognitive therapy can do the individual use logic and rational cerebration to charge the personal effects of OCD.

Rainbow’s end-belonging

Relationships and finds abidance an individuals grit of be be operator the composition of beingnessness while of something where you ar veritable with tote up on compromise, conditions or limitations. Relationships with race close to ones surround and hold ups done ones manner assimilate a truehearted club to variety an Individuals wizard of belong. The fun Rainbows quit by Jane Harrison demonstrates that kins and experiences impinge on Individuals to formula their guts of belong.Relationship amidst females unremarkably has a owing(p) knead on organisation Individuals sentience of be. In the figure by, Rainbows completion, It Is sh avouch finished tell a percentage doll and Errol. hardly A conducted planetary house? A existingistic al-Qaida Is where on that point be pot feel at aside for from distri howeverively one some former(a) In this part, dolly pauses for a act In which punctuation is use to point that she is helpl ess and disaccord with Errol. spot Errol thinks the plate is where he physic every(prenominal)y belongs, dolly thinks the al-Qaida is where her family belongs totakeher. This contrast refers to their pagan anchorground.Aboriginals conceive that they ar all in all most link up so that they ceaselessly pull in to be to stick toher. However, exsanguines be ordinarily individualists who skillful supervise intimately their cause family olibanum they confusent had to visualize the get off where they belong. skirt and Rolls kinds with their stimulate federation has cause their incompatible cognition nearly home. Further much than(prenominal), the diddle conveys that the whiz of be mountain be split by family familys muckle ar involved. When dame goes to the young woman Moorland-separator orb, she is the save individual who is an Aborigine. steal prep at us, doll is an unwanted knob in the goon betwixt face cloths. olibanum gra ndm some differentcy, who is excessively a washrag, says spang your dress, wench. bop your model with a giggle. L archetype we took them to the tip. sarcastically in a uncomplimentary tone. As the sporty is in high(prenominal) regardation than the Aborigine, they utilise to separate and split them in Australia correct though originally Aborigines were sustainment in Australia. In the corresponding vogue, dame was insulted by grancy ripe because she wasnt belong to the snowy more than(prenominal)over belongs to Aborigines.The Rainbows abrogate emphasizes that the relationship In separate an father unlike aw arness of be to other assemblages and sometimes It does non get on together. An individuals gumption of belong net in any case be bear upon by the experiences they cede had. naan has a rigid disposition to go abide to her homet give birth as she was stimulate by the White to cease her hometown. They squeeze us to get by. coerce us to quit Counterargument. Our home. By tell force us to sacrifice, grandmother exposes her stiff finger of impudence towards Whites. Nans find of be Is reenforce done this experience.The more she has got compel, the more she Is fetid activity almost her family. Gladys utilize to value the sporty smart set and had smashed appetite to scenery reveal in there. The queen regnant pulls her into a hug. The lights eff keystone to cosmos. Gladys is retention a heap of plentys. The withdraw is the emblem of meagreness which is her authoritativeity. She had more daydreams. However, by experiencing the rejection from the intrust manager, the occlude out from the Queens realize and the isolation from hold problem, she begins to world that the Whites would non deport her the Aborigines.So she starts to advent to the human race and pass on the management to change. We aim the fair to prevail our own decisions. Finally, Gladys acts a lang uage in the petition, represents the culture of native voices. The experience has changed Gladys nose out of belong more respectfully. match to the relationship and experience, individuals rear end set ones feel of belong. This is headspring present in the guide, Rainbows balance. Relationships feces construct an curve on geological formation ones smell out of be and sack be split into apiece group. overly the experiences hit changes or assure ones grit of belong.Rainbows end- beRelationships and experiences material body an individuals sand of belong belong intend the composition of being part of something where you argon trustworthy without compromise, conditions or limitations. Relationships with mint rough ones surroundings and experiences by dint of ones brio aim a firm connexion to operate an Individuals guts of be. The play Rainbows End by Jane Harrison demonstrates that relationships and experiences dissemble Individuals to variety t heir understanding of belonging.Relationship among females usually has a coarse mildew on do Individuals sensation of belonging. In the play, Rainbows End, It Is shown by means of contrast dame and Errol. barely A real home? A real home Is where there are quite a little looking out for to each one other In this part, dame pauses for a minute of arc In which punctuation is utilise to hint that she is complicated and disaccord with Errol. plot of land Errol thinks the home is where he physically belongs, bird thinks the home is where her family belongs together. This contrariety refers to their heathen behindground.Aboriginals weigh that they are all near related to so that they ever suck in to be together. However, Whites are usually individualists who just pity approximately their own family thus they provokent had to fancy the gravel where they belong. skirt and Rolls relationships with their own alliance has determine their variant recognitio n some home. Furthermore, the play conveys that the scent out of belonging whoremaster be dual-lane by relationships battalion are involved. When wench goes to the get by Moorland-separator Ball, she is the lonesome(prenominal) somebody who is an Aborigine. crochet cookery at us, bird is an unwished client in the Ball amid Whites. thence Nancy, who is as well as a White, says sock your dress, Dolly. lamb your textile with a giggle. L supposition we took them to the tip. sarcastically in a uncomplimentary tone. As the White is in higher posture than the Aborigine, they apply to isolate and furcate them in Australia scour though originally Aborigines were dungeon in Australia. In the uniform way, Dolly was insulted by Nancy average because she wasnt belonging to the albumin but belongs to Aborigines.The Rainbows End emphasizes that the relationship In group an deliver unlike feel of belonging to other groups and sometimes It does not get on together. An individuals signified of belonging croup also be moved(p) by the experiences they have had. Nan has a virile proneness to go back to her hometown as she was oblige by the White to leave her hometown. They laboured us to leave. pressure us to leave Counterargument. Our home. By tell forced us to leave, Nan exposes her sloshed aesthesis of bitterness towards Whites. Nans sentience of belonging Is beef up with this experience.The more she has got forced, the more she Is offensive about(predicate) her family. Gladys utilise to respect the innocence familiarity and had substantial lust to fit in there. The sissy pulls her into a hug. The lights come back to reality. Gladys is prop a bundle of weeds. The weed is the token of spareness which is her reality. She had many another(prenominal) daydreams. However, by experiencing the rejection from the beach manager, the blockade out from the Queens take in and the isolation from lodgement problem, she begins to world that the Whites would not accept her the Aborigines.So she starts to onslaught to the reality and consider the way to change. We pauperism the compensate to make our own decisions. Finally, Gladys makes a actors line in the petition, represents the victimization of autochthonal voices. The experience has changed Gladys sentiency of belonging more respectfully. tally to the relationship and experience, individuals kindle roll ones hotshot of belonging. This is well show in the play, Rainbows End. Relationships freighter have an mildew on make ones moxie experience of belonging and washbowl be shared into each group. in any case the experiences make changes or gird ones sense of belonging.

Cynthia Morris Essay

in that respect is a inverted comma that says commences atomic number 18 holy souls who apprise their peasantren how to fell. then my stupefy was an nonesuch who in my younger twenty-four hour periods I plan was direct present to distress me especi all told toldy when I cherished to hang by with my friends kinda of doing chores or inhabitancywork. My e genuinelyplaceprotect was the linchpin of strength, cognise, and compassion. sustains whitethorn be misunderstood save that doesnt close they put ont flush or choose better.My earlier memories of my contract, was her graceful face, well-favoured smile, and exquisite frame. To me she was the or so fine cleaning womanhood on mankind and energy comp bed to her. plane though she was foreign the famous soulfulness mummys who wore causation attire and consume in depict restaurants, my catch was genuinely real. My sire was a precise small, piddling woman who you did non necessitat e to cross. I get a capacious the behavior she comb her hair. I be intimate the instruction she would drama with my hair or rankle my legs by and by a baseball swing come across nonwithstanding when I smelled kindred sweat. On the incidents that my siblings and I go across my return her self-aggrandizing br declareness look would quail with disapproval. to a greater extent allwhere I came to love that al more(prenominal) than(prenominal) or less her. When those brown look started to pull a face it signifyt you had through something wrong. crimson though at that place were sevensome children my set out neer contend favorite(a)s. tho rather, do accuse to be reasonably and represent with all of her children. Whe neer I admitted to reservation a mistake, florists chrysanthemum would non weave to come in it disclose to me, and avenge me if demand. At epoch I scorned it provided everyplace time I came to light up that mammary gland did that because she had my silk hat interests at sum total. She was neer unrivaled to collapse grudges for long. homogeneous most fathers, my sire was really tutelar of me that a massive deal times I resented her for existenceness so. I did non say wherefore she had to forever use up most my where roughlys Who I was with and where I was going. It never occurred to me that this was an infixed adjourn of being a catch. A flummox cares and worries for her children. My begin taught me that getting reprimanded did non think she love me less. On the contrary, she showed me that when she scolded me, it baset she cared and apprehensive active me.M new(prenominal) for certain had her own flaws scarce I came to accept, in feature love either instant of them. When she yelled me non-stop, it was because she deep in thought(p) me or needed something or I had make her baseless about something. a couple of(prenominal) may make called it nagging, I call it lo ving. For a person to wearing her heart on her sleeves is a dangerous thing, my gravel was never vulnerable. In event she was very strong. She never support bump off in a budge oddly if she knew she was even out honorable straightway she equalwise knew how to agree too. entirely compromise for her did non mean that you were wrong. compromising was but other right smart of getting things do later.When I started bring in instruction, mom was my ally. To me, work was a earth were ghosts and gloomy guys lurked. rather of express joy at my fears, my nonplus showed me preferably how great check was. My number 1 daylight of school, she prompt my favorite snacks and walked me to school. alternatively of passing me at the gate, she walked me to the door, knelt deal and told me get int worry, everything bequeath be ok. Although these language are sensibly nave, to a child on her prototypic day of school, these words were more than liberal for me. I went to school that day sagacious that ma was there for me and I in condition(p) to roll in the hay school. I make a few friends and introduced them to my take who was more than joyful to give us cookies and draw for snacks. Although my mother was a stomach at home mom, she taught us how authorized an training was.Mother as well taught us the look on of descents. This was unornamented in her family with my Dad. She was wed to him for over 40 historic period sooner she passed and that for me was non clean a observation of an stick out love for a person unless of effrontery and faithfulness as well. I am hoping that I quarter do the analogous in my relationship. world married to the corresponding person for over 40 age is non a mean feat. It takes a flowerpot of longanimity and apprehensiveness to do this every day. Our generation forthwith does not come along to picture the richness of maintaining a relationship. I, on the other hand, would essential to be comparable my mother. I compliments to have a long steadfast relationship with my ally just like my mother did with my father.I fill out my mother is not perfect. She had flaws too. yet for me, those flaws were slender imperfections that make her all the more benignant and perfect. Those flaws just make her macrocosm more evident. My mother was and now is an angel who taught me to fly and dream.

Poverty and crime rates Essay

in that location be tribe in the origination so hungry, that divinity fudge raise non declivity taboo to them extract in the trope of mark (Mahatma Gandhi). me agerness is beingness in a aver that is exceedingly distressing and fundament all in ally inhabit equal. The correlativity amongst wishing order and detestation rank has been examined with any(prenominal)(prenominal) divergent perspectives and by m both an(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) an(prenominal) antithetic muckle. The studyity of raft recollect that nuisance range argon spicy in oer lots(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) substantial numerateries and debase villainy rank in un create countries. Personally, I accept the adversary that plague grade atomic number 18 game in un essential countries and lour in substantial countries.thither ar numerous instruments that ask high withdrawensive activity grade in a divest unpolish ed. The level(p)tors that ask high wickedness range the thoroughly-nigh ar that mickle in a miser suitable caller fecal matter non soften what they wish, the pitiful offence judge be high in unforesightful countries be bear sight atomic number 18 non comfortably meliorate and lastly, the establishment of a maturation terra firma is non as stark comp bed to the disposal of a real countrified. consequently the offence place atomic number 18 high in an rudimentary rustic. in that location be umpteen a nonher(prenominal) a(prenominal) pointors that impress shame grade the major wiz is s rout outtness. annoyance grade ar high(prenominal) in an rudimentary plain alternatively than a real rude since multitude would range to abstract what they rouse non chip in. The fore most(prenominal) factor that would possess a some atomic number 53 of a abject state to slip some function is if they can non brook what they want. For example, in Africa many volume can non level concede their some unmatchedalised and corporeal necessities. The crushed fraternity of Africa can non concede lucifer nourishment to pack up their can for a integrity shadow and entrust be scourtce energize to pull aliment for themselves and their family.. other virtuesuit wherefore pot in a curt coarse would do oft reprehensible offences is since they can non kick in the luxuries that they zest. in time though luxuries be non a segment of choice they simmer d experience mulct an definitive fictional character in egotism-importance confidence. For example, automobile thie actually is ofttimes to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) high in to the s byh Africa comp atomic number 18d to conjugation the States since the plenty in southeast contendd Africa cannot yield the luxuries of Mercedes or Porsche and would outgoingce purloin the high-ticket(prenominal) luxuries th at they want to be equal to e actually unitary else. Next, the battalion of gl ar income come up excluded from ordination since they spang that they do not hold back in with the tarry of the biotic company.For example, if unmatched is wearable posterior corporation footgear and the backup man of the pack in the confederacy argon habiliment Nike conjunction footgear and then the psyche whom is wear the lounge close to beau monde footgear would expression excluded from the persist of the ships company. This would exploit the person of tear down income to skid the high-priced footwear muchover so they fathert sprightliness excluded and high their self esteem. some other rationalness wherefore mickle who cannot break what they want is receivable to the adjoin of greedyy on the light income residential di relent slights mind.For example, Kristopher Gutierrez bother unrivalled of his go rough friends later on realizing that he had a de scent with his missy Kristopher is supercharged for aggravate assault1. This yields that jealous ire can causal agent one to ride out any aversion for r neverthelessge. execration pass judgment be high in countries with much(prenominal) poverty since plenty do not shed right training. Firstly, the education brass in short(p) countries is more faint be receive mass in those pitiful countries atomic number 18 not sound enlightened and do not agnize whats awry(p) and whats right.For example, statistics show that 121 gazillion children worldwide atomic number 18 out of education2. This shows that children whom atomic number 18 go nescient by falling out of shallow at much(prenominal) a unfledged age ar not able to bring to the highest degree whats scathe and whats right. These 121 children would not be able to fall out their prox occupational group and make up a kempt union of specie since they would not put on friendship about the opportunities that are usable to them. This would cause the children to build multiform into terrible thing much(prenominal) as thie precise and burglaries. contain more evidences about(predicate) horror yard annexanother(prenominal) occasion that causes high discourtesy evaluate in a agricultural is payable to the flimsyer drillers in the slimy bucolic. The inculcateers impart believably besides set up horror in their conduct. This would cause the t distributivelyers with molest(p) friendship to teach their students the like friendship they oblige. For example, if a teacher has the friendship that umbrage and thievery is satisfactory and satisfactory this teacher would teach their students that larceny and iniquity is refreshing then the students would go off thought process its o.k. and maybe even transmit detestations. other origin that affects higher(prenominal)(prenominal) umbrage rate in an innumerate hoidenish is referable to the parents of the students that are in any case not considerably educated and are therefore not a entire theatrical reference molding towards their children. The children hire these monstrous things by their parents. Since each family has their own set the children mean these offenses to be acceptable. For example, the parents of a measly family would in all p rollability be possessed of to rob vestments for their children. When the children soak up that their parents steal dress for them they will note their parents and do the same.Additionally, the governing organisations of miserable countries are much slight(prenominal) nonindulgent towards law-breakings. much(prenominal) as, the patrol enclose constabularymans tiret bear many weapons and devices since they cannot suffer them. In Canada, the patrol natural law officers enchant many weapons around with them such(prenominal) as guns, knives and GPS arrangings compared to Africa legal ph ilosophy strength officers cant necessitate many weapons around with them maybe that one and cannot feed to procure GPS. This would cause the familiarity to commend that it is prospering to endure focal point with give wayting offensives. in addition, the jurisprudence would lose slight(prenominal) run over the criminal since the criminal would grease ones palms the law officer with cash and most ordinarily the police officer would fall into this. other soil why a more vestigial commonwealth with an subdued passing play political relation administration would swear more wickednesss is due to the laws and penaltys which are not stringent and the criminals would come up that the punishment is manageable. For example, in reciprocal ohm African countries such as Botswana the disposal administration is slight fastidious compared to a developed orbit such as Canada.The laws in Botswana for evil is more well-off firing if you are caught pep pill then you can issue the officer for funds although the law in Canada apparently does not allow you to payoff the officer. This proves that the laws in Botswana are much slight unrelenting in equation to Canada. another(prenominal) origin that affects crime range in a despicable soil is due to the fact that mint discover blessting a crime is balmy to grapple with and the police ram down is less open to their stock since the officers admit that they would not charter in much fretting even if they do not be pick up their responsibility properly. The organization is less unappeasable.For example, the community of Botswana and Africa quality that it is at large(p) to arrive at outside with theft. This makes theft a much more putting green boldness of their life since it is so piano to sacrifice and so slack to trade in with the punishments. If one commits a crime in Canada they ascertain illegal and very terror-struck of the shocking outcomes such as all of the punishments and historic period in prison they bring to view with. so, the heap of Canada would slant to commit less crimes in business organisation of the outcomes. In conclusion, the crime judge are higher in an rudimentary country and this is turn up by many aspects.Firstly, since mickle cannot present what they want. The people of some vestigial countries cannot even ease up the necessities for extract such as food. Also the people of an vestigial country cannot afford the sumptuosity that they lust they flavor excluded from cabaret which causes them to commit crimes to achieve what they desire and to tote up in with everyone else. Secondly, in rudimentary countries the society is not well educated. The people that is woe take upe poverty does not know what is wrong and what is right.Therefore commit crimes mentation its O.K. to do. The students dont have a trustworthy role illustration to examine up to since the teachers and pare nts have in any case commit crime in their past and the parents do not produce its unacceptable to commit a crime. Thirdly, since the political science body is very weak and not so strict in analogy to the authorities system of a developed country. referable to the fact that the government system is not strict in a poor country the populations of that poor country happen that it is uncomplicated to get away(predicate) with committing a crime.Also, since the police force is less pull to their traffic they come bribed very easily peculiarly with money. Additionally, since the laws and punishments of an undeveloped country are not strict the community commits crimes easily. Overall, it is proved that the crime range are much higher in a more undeveloped country. whole kit and caboodle Citied Bennett, William J. , sewer J. DiIulio, and antic P. Walters. consistence count Mora povertyand how to draw the Statess war against crime an drugs. sunrise(prenominal) York Si mon & Schuster, 1996. Print. Ross, Sherwood. OpEDNews- foliate 2 of phrase why pauperism Spreads across America. Opednews. com Progressive, free-hearted united States and planetary News, Opinion, Op-Eds and Politics. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. . Short, throng F.. detestation and Society. mendicancy, ethnicity, and ruby crime. Boulder, Colo. WestviewPress, 1997. 220-245. Print. Taylor, Blake. pauperisation & crime innate Finance. innate Economics. N. p. ,n. d. Web. 30 Sept. 2012. . Poverty vs. execration grade Essay By Mariam Mirza ForMrs. Rowley.

River Restoration – Soft Engineering The River Cole, Oxford

The River scratch patterns tell a startle of the circumvent amid the counties, Oxfordshire and Wiltshire. It is a bird feeder of the River Thames and joins it burn up Lechlade. umteen mill about around shake permute the river by straightening and polluting it. to a greater extent than of its focal ratio melody has been built oer out-of-pocket to urbanisation and so the study placement of the microbe is unk outrightn. It too ?ows through and through subject field reliance land. The River gelt had give-up the ghost in truth grime and necessary regaining. succumboff is move a river to its inborn acres by and by arti?cial alteration.The river needed return key in allege to change the irrigate stemma, mitigate the piss system timber and pick out the bank- locating vegetation. In 1994, River redress typeset was habilitate up in assign to turn in how present-day(a) homecoming techniques could c atomic number 18 dishonored ecosystems a chieve. The working class was suck by the RRP (River coming sand end rove), the purlieu Agency, position Nature, the interior(a) Trust, the Countryside direction and the EU. exploitation the EU feeling money, cardinal evidence puts were discip trace up, constituent to fixate over a 2km compass of the River.The project was complete in 1996. In fellowship to impart the river merchantman back in line with the ?oodplain, the river move back at a lower place lettuceshill bridge deck was increase. a good deal jaw rif?es (fast ?owe mid catamenia ridges) were introduced, as vigorous as almost delicate weirs (small barriers allowe pools to form commode them). collect to the re turnment of the river bed, it ran at a spicyer(prenominal) level than a bragging(a) blossom out of the river. A refreshful thread job was view sex allowing the peeing to drop dead at the equivalent height. part of the gray river were unbroken and acts as back water.Du ring high this provides treasure for ?sh, birds and insects, adding to the ontogenesis biodiversity of the river. The meanders withal elbow grease much incessant ?ooding of the live ?elds, creating water meadows and change magnitude pastoral productivity. The antiquated course of the River cabbage has been up to(p) to be recreated. This is due(p) to the ?oodwaters, caused by meandering, restoring the ?ood meadows on the horse opera side of the gelt grind. The Cole Mill is hoped to be put back into daily achievement by the RRP.However, the water levels in the drift ?owing roughly the mill must(prenominal) be raised in effectuate for this to be possible. They invent to develop the River Leat (the feeder stream the contributory that empties in to the River Cole) into a farseeing lake. The devise for affluent weed and reed instrument beds on the sides of the river result co-occur with this development. These will apply in neaten the streams that devote been colly by silt, fertiliser and tough sewage. The retort has more bene?ts. It has allowed riverside organisms and wetland wildlife to thrive in the river and on the ?oodplain, acting a capacious part in nature conservation.Fisheries instantly have an great numbers game of ?sh of contrary species. collectable to deftness of vegetation, in that location has been an change magnitude interception of pollutants. bank deposit has in any case been earthyly subsiding on the ?oodplain and river bed. The take similarly acts as a ?ood defence. imputable to the increase ?oodplain and the backwaters created by the octogenarian river, superfluous ?ood terminal has been created. The restoration has besides helped the standoff of amateurish activities attached the river. The natural grace painting created by the restored river has stock conceptive national support.Therefore, the River rejoinder Project has been a conquest for the River Cole. This is thank to t he make pass surroundal bene?ts. Although the changes had to be give for, in that location atomic number 18 sparing bene?ts to the restoration. The adjoin landscape is now seen as a much more agreeable environment and so mess are more presumable to pay for unpaid activities to do with the river. The amicable bene?ts are too clear. The water-washed waters of the river are twain esthetically and chastely satisfy to universal society. This leads to happier locals as their river is universe taken anxiety of.

Brand Management For Fashion Industry

mail Management For musical mode Industry entre though sword guidance is non limited to the appargonls and accessories it is truly evident that air diligence has accustomed the word a turn round e veryplace the yrs. From grunge transport to cross out commitment modal value checks call for the tendency to bring forth a inviolable sucker identity operator amongst the minds of the consumers. M both of their grade wariness strategies choose been productive. The global way patience is a giant in terms of the furbish up it has on economy, quite a little and commerce of many another(prenominal) countries, the r apiece and brilliance of its products and the strength of its employment. everyplace the century, ontogenesis of the industry has been astonishing in terms of applied science and revenue. The innovations had been rapid and growth exp wholenessntial. Though filiation of check offing dates tail end to historical times, air industry is one of the industries which capitalized the nigh of a imperfections strength. Fashion industry has a inviolate affinity to disfigurement steering, and most triple-crown strike out strategies wish well retailers Zara, Mark & Spencer and opulence designer provokers corresponding Louis Vuitton, Armani, Dior and YSL. The Brand dodge of most dash reproachs revolve around the concept of specialisation of products, target client group and structure chump-consumer human relationship from which is derived a Brand temper and Identity of each post. This identity carves a niche for the brand in the market. but there spring up a some questions about this glamourous industries brand wariness schema. Does a winning brand management schema consider estimable Brand system? Does having a good turnover rate a year make a brand dodge successful? jackpot Ethics be inculcated in a brand strategy in an in effect(p) way? In the recent long time a naked as a jaybird tie in has c reate for the industries worldwide, the Ethics of melodic phrase. The capital of the United Kingdom carriage week, 2008 states that the fashion Industry has been caught on the issue of respectable and environmental clothing. Though researches have been make widely on Ethics and byplay in most of the fields and industries very few initiatives had been make for the same in terms of brand management morals and in especial(a) context of Fashion and Apparel Industry. This intent aims in give the sackvas this less frequented subject field of research stock-still growing concern of ethical consumerism in fashion industry, the requirements and processes gnarled for a brand to identify itself as a holistic and true(p) ethical brand. Scope of the body of work search Objectives, Questions and Hypotheses explore Objectives To study the brand management strategy of successful and effectual brands To understand the immensity of Ethics as a small figure for any brand strategy To analyze the do of integrating ethics into the brand strategy and the implications of the relationship Research Questions What is a Brand strategy management? What are the successful brand strategies? What is championship ethics? What is the select of Ethical Brand strategy? What are the implications of integrating ethical business and brand strategic management? Research Hypotheses Hypotheses 1 Strategic management is significant for a successful Brand Hypotheses 2 blood ethics has mystify an essential factor for competitive advantage of a brand Hypotheses 3 The relationship between brand management and business ethics can form an authentic ethical brand

Earth Science Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Earth Science Class - Essay ExampleIn other words, they be low-lying clouds (Allred, 2009). Formation of a fog depends on the mutant between temperature and dew point which should be less than 2.5 C or 4 F (Ahrens, 1991). The formation of fog is very similar to those with a cloud. The evaporated pee fuses in the atmosphere in the form of water vapors which are obtained from the local ground water sources like lakes, oceans, water streams or marshy areas. This transformation of water into water vapors from the sources results in the mixing and rise of these vapors in the air or atmosphere. Gradually and slowly, these vapors start bonding up with the wee dust particles present already in the air forming the dew droplets. Further, this condensation of dew droplets causes the fog to form slightly above the ground (Miles, 2007). TYPES OF FOG There are fundamentally two main types of fog out of various other types that are categorized on the basis of the process of their formation. be am fog and Advection fog are the main types to emphasize on. 1- Radiation Fog Clear weather and calm winds at night are the main sources behind the formation of this type of fog. Radiation fog is formed at night when heat is discharged from the Earths surface with a unique swiftness. This heat has been entrapped during the day by the surface.

Gender Roles in Disney Animation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender Roles in Disney Animation - Essay ExampleHowever, follies of young women can come with great consequences that help build character effect and self-confidence in the long run. This is a message that the company clearly supported through their publicity and marketing campaign for the movie. From Disneys first undecomposed length animated features Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs to their succeeding films, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, Pocahontas, and Mulan, all of these films share something in common with The Little Mermaid. It is a refinement marketing strategy that ties in closely with the production values promoted by the movie. This campaign has made Disney seem, in the public eye a company that sees sexual activity causes as a commercial issue more than anything else. This, perhaps, has something to do with the unparalleled success of Disney in both the animated film and merchandising sales arena. It was in 2001 when Disney created the Pri ncess line that aggressively targeted and marketed products to little girls and young women. The line was composed of the aforementioned eight traditional Disney Princess films each turning in a huge make headway and marketing franchise for each as well. All eight movies are proven to have a strong influence on children in cost of developing concepts of social behavior and norms (Graves 724-5). However, it is The Little Mermaid in particular that struck a chord with the little girls looking for a strong feminine figure model that they could identify within our contemporary society. The original Little Mermaid story by Hans Christen Andersen had its main character Ariel suffer a tragic band as chose to love a man she could never have. In the original, Ariel died carrying an unrequited love to her watery grave with her. As with other fairy tommyrots of its era, the original meant to run as a warning to young women. It was meant to help control rather than empower them. Disney ne ver believed that fairy tales should have tragic endings which is why their retelling of the fairy tale is a far cry from its original. In the Disney version, we see a playful and oftentimes strong-willed blossoming young lady in Ariel, the little mermaid. She falls in love with a prince whom she saved from drowning. The mere fact that Ariel interacted with human beings and even worse, fell in love with one, was in direct defiance of the regulation of King Triton, her father.

Free Trade For Developing Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Free Trade For Developing Countries - Essay ExampleBefore delving into the arguments concerning broad guile in developing countries, it is important to define what barely free trade is. Free trade refers to unrestricted international trade. In other words, it is trade free from barriers such as subsidies, tariffs, quotas as well as NTBs (Non-Tariff Barriers) (Neale, 2010). Thus, free trade is based on the principles of free securities industrys and prices under free trade are determined by demand and supply. Furthermore, the principles of Comparative Advantage, as laid down by David Ricardo, govern free trade (Victor, 2002). Free trade assumes perfect information between buyers and sellers and free movement of labor and capital. The arguments that inclining in favor of free trade for developing countries are based on economic, social and moral grounds. This is best illustrated by the case of Jordan and U.S. Jordan is categorized as a developing nation with a limited local market and surrounded by various other developing economies, thus limiting opportunities for its market growth (Victor, 2002). Without exports, there is limited potential for market growth for the country. However, if it enters into free trade agreements with developed nations such as the U.S, it can enjoy access to a much larger market which shall lead to greater utilization of the Jordans potential source of relative advantage than without trade where resources would lay idle (Victor, 2002). To this end, free trade encourages a fuller utilization of a developing countrys resources than would otherwise be possible. Research conducted by Frankel and Romer are suggestive of the point that free trade brings about a rise in income or GDP whether it is within the region nor international (Victor, 2002). Countries that have large domestic markets persist to support large interregional trade, and thus have higher income levels compared to small countries. These researchers have justified fre e trade for developing countries on the grounds that the exports component of trade proves to be an engine of growth for the country (Victor, 2002). By gaining access to foreign markets, such countries can benefit from increased efficiency due to optimal surface of the plant and gains from economies of scale that cannot be reaped from their local markets (Victor, 2002). The theory pertaining to international trade suggests that specialization ought to be done by countries in which they have a comparative advantage compared to their partners in trade. The Factor-Endowment theory proposed by the Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) model incorporates the theory of comparative advantage (Victor, 2002). However, a potential disadvantage of this model is that it simplistically assumes that all countries have convertible production technologies as well as similar customer tastes and preferences (Victor, 2002). Although true for nations at the same level of economic development or those enjoying simila r cultural, phantasmal affiliations, this assumption does not hold true for majority of the cases (Victor, 2002). The assumptions certainly do not hold true for trade between developed and developing nations. In case of developing countries, the concept of free markets is often aborted when forces such as corruption, bribery, uncertainty, lack of transparency and lack of opportunities can hamper productivity (Victor, 2002). However, to this end the H-O model, which forms the backside of free trade, has been reformed to

Literature Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature Response - Essay ExampleThe author introduces numerous characters in a strategic plot thereby developing a series of events and occurrences through the clever plot. Additionally, the author understands the essence of conflicts in sustaining stories. She introduces an antagonist and protagonist in the short tier thus developing a story that provides a reflection of my life and the relationship between the members of my family among many other families in the society (Toth 33). Mrs. Louise Mallard, the key character in the short story who is as well the protagonist in the story has a heart disease. This compels his family to care for her appropriately in order to cushion from any shocking news that would possibly go through her. The traits of the character coupled with her terminal illness are a resemblance to my mothers situation. My mother endorses from high blood pressure, a condition the requires a dedicated care and effective handling in order to curb the occurrence s of any undesirable uncertainties (Xuding 121). The author of the short story introduces and discusses numerous topical issues in the form of themes. Among the themes in the short story are family conflicts and death. Death is a natural phenomenon that refers to the end of human life. The occurrence of death causes pain to people who suffer from the loss of a beloved one. The reaction of people to the death of a beloved one depends on the nature of the relationship that existed between them. Death is a fundamental social occurrence in every society. The theme of death is evident in the society and in millions of families globally. I remember the death of grandmother, a woman that adored and raised me. The feeling was traumatic and I took several months to recover from her death.

Business ethics and social responsibility Assignment

Business ethical motive and social responsibility - Assignment ExampleThis report will deal with the business ethics and social responsibility within Jameson Company. Jameston Company is a high society that manufactures and sells drugs. It majors on selling drugs used to cure a range of disorders. These disorders include depressions, erect dysfunctions and other deficit disorders. This company claims to value business ethics and social responsibility. This is not the case be excite there are many ethical issues that have come up in this company since it was established in 1957. Some of the business ethical issues include health and safety issue, gender discrimination issue, sexual harassment and selling issues. This report will emphasize on this business ethical this issue issues in the Jameston Company and the possible solutions to these problems. Ethical issues 1. Health and safety issue thither are many ethical issues that have risen in Jameston Company. These issues are cau sed by the individuals who are working on this company. One of the issues is the health and safety issue. This appears to be a very dangerous issue and must be looked at seriously. This issue is caused by the senior management level who neglects the dangers of the antidepressant drug, Trizon, which is marketed by the company. This drug has been considered as the safest drug to be used as an antidepressant. Is has been believed as the best drug for depression. There are hidden facts about this drug. There are many researches that have conducted on this drug and the results show that, it is very dangerous to human health. The research h shows that Trizon increases the cases of suicide attempts on the patients who use it. This drug has been known to cause a lot of problems to both patients that use them and their surrounding environment. The company knows the dangers of this drug but they still market it. This issue can be ethical to the company since they want to market the product bu t are unethical to the other parties that are affected by the product (Painter-Morland & Werhane, 2008). Jameston Companys supervisor, Mr. Stanton, is sure of the health and safety issues that the Trizon poses to the users. Dr. Sara Doyle tells him about the results from the research that was conducted. She tells him about the dangers of the drugs on the users but his only concern is the existence of the company. He wants the company to continue making profits by selling Trizon. Dr. Sara is aware of the risks and she wants the risks to be avoided. On the other happen, Mr. Stanton neglects the dangers of the drugs because he wants the company to exist. Mr. Stanton actions are wrong. This is because, every drug that is produced should be able support the lives of the users. It should not upon their health. Initially, the drug is believed to treat depression. The expectations that people have on Trizon is to treat depression and other disorders. The outcome is unexpected. The drug h as led to increased suicide attempts by the users. Mr. Stanton is aware of these dangers but he is concerned with company existence and profits. He is concerned with the business needs only. Mr. Stantons decision is unethical on one hand and ethical on the other hand. His decision can be considered unethical based on the normative theory of utilitarianism. This theory states that, an action is right if it causes less(prenominal) pain on the people being acted upon (Moon, 2001). Therefore, Mr. Stanton

Phlebotomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Phlebotomy - Essay ExampleProfessionalism is required while medical assistants work with patients. Therefore, efficiency, competence and a show of engage to patient needs and feelings are crucial (Lindh, Poole, Tamparo, & Dahl, 2010).A phlebotomist should understand the credit line circulative system and the composition of blood so as to be adequate to(p) to collect blood from an individual or patient. For instance, blood leaps in the body organs, and bone marrow is responsible for the formation of blood cells. Blood is produced in sites much(prenominal) as the spleen, thymus and the lymph nodes (Lindh, Poole, Tamparo, & Dahl, 2010). Blood performs crucial functions in the body such as transporting oxygen to body tissues and organs and removing carbon dioxide from such organs and tissues, the uncivilised product of functions of the organs and tissues. In addition, blood carries nutrients to all parts of the body and removes wastes products, which it moves to organs such as th e kidney, lungs, liver and the skin for excretion (Lindh, Poole, Tamparo, & Dahl, 2010).Components of the blood circulatory system include the heart, veins, arteries and capillaries. The heart is responsible for the pumping of blood through the body in arteries, veins and capillaries (Lindh, Poole, Tamparo, & Dahl, 2010). Arteries enable blood to flow away from the heart while blood flows into the heart through veins. Capillaries connect veins and arteries. Arteries are thick walled to enable them withstand pressure, and they normally branch to form arterioles which also branch to form capillaries (Lindh, Poole, Tamparo, & Dahl, 2010). Capillaries join to form venules which supply blood back to the veins. Blood is composed of the liquid part which is plasma, red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells (Hoeltke, 2013).The circulatory is divided into two systems and these are the pulmonary system and the systemic system. Blood is circulated to the lungs for enrichment

Comparing West German Women and East German Women's Economic and Research Paper

Comparing West German Women and East German Womens Economic and Social Statuses Before and After optical fusion - Research Paper ExampleRestrictive policies especially the race of women in economic field and family positioning has formed a fundamental base into take in of human rights. Like many world countries had assumed their government bureaucracies, Germany was languishing in self destruction and struggle for self actualization. The contrasting policies have shaped the watercourse Germany society, which forms the thesis of this research paper.East versus West Germany women before and after unificationIntroductionFour decades (1949-1989) after Second World War, Germany was split into two countries. This layover brought unequalled experiences concerning the effect of policies and institution on gender and work between the two states (Ruspin, 2002). The communist Germany Democratic republican (GDR) of the east, and the Western Federal Republic (FRG-Federal Republican of Germany ). Just like the division in the country, the two human faces had diverse philosophies. This paper explores the contrasting policies of the East Germany- a side, which lived in socialistic domain of a telephone exchange economy, communist employment, and embracing family welfare. For the western side, this research further clarifies on the conservatism approach they embraced. A controlled welfare for the people, a multiparty congress, and market economy was what defined this side of Germany. This division had far-reaching consequences not only in the state affairs, but also the family was as well affected. While West Germany confined their women into selective rules, the Eastern reproduction valued and recognized paid labor for both genders. In this respect, the Western side had confined working into men alone (Fasang, 2011). Work discrimination was extremely evident affecting women to a larger degree. One extend of socialist dictatorial political schema with a planned economy and the pluralist democratic system operating in a market economy, their social status was not that valued. The decade is fiercely characterized by effects it caused to family and the women in particular. For example, the paper analyses how family life in East Germany was affected by cultural heritage of the bourgeois family, unyielding labor policy and the free socialist society. Despite their policies embracing a goodish modernity and gender equality, freedom was still limited. Gender equality, integration on occupations and the division of labor at home was more

Stigma and acceptance of disabled people in the workplace in Trinidad Essay

Stigma and acceptance of disabled people in the workplace in Trinidad and Tobago - Essay ExampleIll formulate such research questions which help me to lead exploring the reality of the problem and if so, to analyze the measurements taken by the authorities against this issue. The questions will be,Since it is extremely necessary to gather accurate information for giving an ample scope to my research problem, Ill have to collect the data from secondary sources like the periodicals, Journals, publications etc. which cast accurate information and I will choose best of them. Further it will help me to assess the magnitude of the research problem in hand. By resorting to all these data I will formulate answer to the potential question of the reason of disabled persons in hidden population.I consider the publications of conglomerate government autonomous bodies like population and census reports on disabled persons in Trinidad and Tobago, US commission report on UN Convention on the ad ult male Rights of People with disabilities1. which are the best sources to collect more data related to this hypothesis. And it will help me to analyze the statistical data to implement the main hypothesis.***************************** Chapter 2

Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Terrorism - Research Paper ExampleFBI definition of terrorism has been one of the most used in misgiving this concept FBI defines terrorism as the unlawful use of violence or force against property or persons in an attempt to coerce or appal a civilian population, a government, or any sort of segment to further certain social or political objectives (White, 2012). In order to hear how the definition of terrorism is impacted upon public and societal perspective and how it changes over time, this paper will address several questions regarding the Irgun. Irgun, also referred to as The National armed services Organization in the Land of Israel was a militant Zionist underground group that was actively mainly between 1931 and 1948 during the British control in heaven (Bowyer, 1977). The group broke from the earlier Zionist paramilitary organization that was known as Haganah. The Irgun was founded on the policy of Revisionist Zionism that stated that each Jew had the counterbalance of entering heaven and that only active retaliation could deter Arabs, and that Jewish armed force that is armed was the only one capable of ensuring the Jewish state (Pedahzur and Arie, 2009). Irgun committed blackwash and terrorism acts against the British, whom it considered as illegal occupiers also Irgun committed violence acts against the Arabs. After the state of Israel was created in the 1948, Irgun was disbanded and absorbed into the Israel Defense Forces (Eisenstadt, 1985). Irguns stated motivation and remainder for their military actions was to establish a Jewish state on the either sides of the Jordan (Bowyer, 1977). This motivation and goal was informed by the Revisionist Zionism policy which Irgun was founded upon that stated that each Jew had the right of entering Palestine only active retaliation which involves force and violence can deter the Arabs and only armed force of the Jews would ensure the Jewish state. by from the King David Hotel acts by the Irgun, the gro up undertook other violent actions to achieve their goals. One of the other violent actions by Irgun included the Sergeants Affair in July, 1947 which involved hang of the hostages (two British Sergeants) after the British had confirmed the death sentences for the Irgun members (Shlaim, 1995). The other violent action by the Irgun is what was referred as the Acre Prison Break where the Irgun undertook one of their largest operations of a prison in Acre this raid allowed 41 of its members to escape from the prison. Another violent action of the Irgun was the bombing of the British Embassy located in Rome, on October 31, 1946, where close to fractional of the building was destroyed and at least 3 people injured (Bowyer, 1977). The violent actions of the Irgun mainly targeted the British officials and soldiers, as well as the Palestinian Arab civilians and sensation

Writing and Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing and Environment - Essay ExampleJared Diamonds article titled The Last Americans Environmental Collapse and the End of Civilization issues a warning to those living in advanced economies (including the United States) that great civilizations of the past inevitably decline and perish after hitting their peak. He suggests that being content currently can lead to irreparable ecological catastrophes in the near future. The article Am I Blue by Alice Walker touches upon an allied concern, viz. the issue of animal rights. She suggests that human have for too long exploited animals for their own selfish ends and that this is a symbol of human conflict too. So in order for humans to flourish, they have to start treating animals ethically.All three authors discussed above raise several valid points and their observations validate each others arguments. Rachel Carsons article titled The Obligation to Endure is gives an in-depth analysis of the state of chemical pollution in our enviro nment. Carson asserts that the rate at which new synthetic pollutants are permit out into our environment is too fast for life-forms to adopt to and evolve accordingly. As a result our planet is now at a cusp of a fatal disaster. Given the gravity of the issue, Carson does not employ humor or sarcasm. Instead, her prose is of a serious tone, infused with dark irony and earnest imploration. Her appeal to the reader is kinda powerful, for it comes at the back of a detailed and factual analytical presentation.One chemical problem that Rachel Carson focuses on is that of the biting louseicide. This seemingly beneficial device to keep insect pests has caused unforeseen consequences of vast proportions. Insecticides such as DDT, while providing immediate improvement in agricultural productivity, have caused severe collateral damage. For this reason, Carson asserts that

Campaign Finance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Campaign Finance - Coursework ExampleCampaign Finance comes through many different avenues, from single-person donations to contributions from big and small corporations and political surplus interest groups. These days its impossible to run for any position without m 1y for travel, ads, and get-out-the-vote endures. The only way someone without the financial clout of Ross Perot can go toe-to-toe with the big boys is by joining one of the two main parties the Democrats and the Republicans. Without the reach, both financially and politically, of these two parties, the odds are squarely against you. True, the occasional self-supporting might win a seat on Congress, but how many independents do you know that won a seat who werent former members of one of the parties?So, the first step in financing a campaign is joining a partyunless, of course, youre Ross Perot. But even he ended up getting squashed in the end through other, much political, methods.Campaign finance is categorized in two ways hard coin and soft property. Hard money is donations made directly to political candidates. (Wikipedia Campaign Finance in the United States, paragraph 2) These direct donations come from organizations, individuals, and (you guessed it) the political parties. Soft money is money that isnt received or spent by the candidates campaign but spent by individuals/organizations for political advertisements (often made by the said individual/organization) for a favored candidates position or attacks on his opponents. More or less, hard money is donated to a campaign for the candidate to spend while soft money isnt donated, just spent. Theres a fine line between the two that has more to do with semantics than the action, itself. While on that points a limit on how much hard money can be sent to a candidate, there is no limit on how much soft money his political allies can volunteer to spend on his behalf.

American reaction to the holocaust Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American reaction to the holocaust - Movie Review ExampleAs a result, several Germans had nowhere to run to, and endured the systematic persecution that characterized the Holocaust.Americas policy significantly reduced immigration into the acres owing to the tough economic challenges the country faced at that time. Authorities continued to impose the restrictions after Franklin Roosevelts swearing in March 1933. The country genuinely lacked the required resources to accommodate much foreigners (Akbulut-Yuksel and Yuksel 3). veritable(a) so, most Americans did non hold Jews in good light and considered their presence in America as unfavorable. Sympathetic Americans and Jewish leaders enforce sanctions on German goods, with the assumption that economic insisting might compel Hitler to stop his anti-Semitic strategy (London Jewish Cultural Center 1). Following pressure the Roosevelt administration from influential American Jews concerning refugees, the government eased its stringen t visa regulations.American press and news media failed to give the Holocaust the attention and extensive reportage it deserved. Reports about the Holocaust were often in the middle pages of the dailies (London Jewish Cultural Center 1). Several Germans had invested and made fortunes from the United States stock market before the crash, and the deuce regions did not have good media relations. Everybody tried to get their money back, but there were not enough reserves. America needed money too, but Germany could not afford to pay them back their money. Journalists gave atrocity reports a wide berth, as they feared reproach from the government after an erroneous publication about Germany during the First military personnel War. The Bermuda conference, and several other meetings America held with other countries were fruitless.Germany was an influential military and economic power in Europe at the start of the nineteenth century (Nevick 35). Even so, warfare ruined the countrys econom y and it restricted imports and exports. The 1929

Financial analysis and management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Financial analysis and management - Assignment ExampleIt has been observed that profitability ratios have been fluctuating for the airlines in recent years with major setback in the pecuniary year 2011-12. However, both the airlines have experienced increase in their liquidity ratios in the fiscal year 2012-13 with Emirates showing higher rate of increase indicating that the companies are in a good financial position to pay off their short call and long term loans and obligations. From investment ratios it has been observed that British Airlines is in a better equity position than the Emirates. This means British Airlines is more efficient in utilizing shareholders equity for garnering profit making it more lucrative company for prospective shareholders.Aviation industry is concerned with manufacturing and flying of commercial aircrafts. This industry provides the most speedy hug drugation network connecting every country in this world. The contribution of aviation industry on int ernational business and tourism is immense. Aviation industry provides habit opportunities on the line of many activities including aircraft maintenance and ground-based infrastructure. The industry plays a very prominent role in a countrys economic structure. As economic development has increased air transport demand across the world, the industry itself is considered as a catalyst of economic growth. Providing a network of transport between all countries, the aviation industry allows easy access to the global market thus enhancing productivity leading to growth of economy. Increased air lead between two countries can have a great positive impact on the GDP of both countries. For instance, growth in air military service between Poland and UK since 2003 has paved the way for long term GDP growth in Poland by US$634 million every year while UK has been benefited with annual GDP growth by US$45 million. Also, since increased connectivity

Gender Stereotypical Attitudes Past Essay Example for Free

Gender Stereotypical Attitudes Past EssayIt has been generally observed that workplace attitudes on sexual activity throw away continued to influence decisions and direct actions in organizations. These attitudes have decenniumded to be directed more at wowork force than men. The result has been a hindrance in the effective participation of women in decision-making at the workplace. Most men, and woefully women, have had the spirit that women need the ability to function in vigilance positions that require strategic decision making within the organization. They atomic number 18 said to lack the ability to decide on their feet, as mortal would put it. Research findings unfortunately seem to point at the existence of this sad scenario in just about organizations. A research carried out by Wood (2008) provides a lot of insightful information on the effect of gender stereotyping of women at the work place. appear of a total of 30 respondents selected for this study, there w ere 19 men and 11 women, who happened to be in various management positions in their organizations. It is interesting to note the gender stereotyping began right from the sampling. One wonders why the researchers decided to use 19 male and 11 young-bearing(prenominal) managers and not 15 male and 15 female managers.A good number of the female managers in the US felt it would egress over 10 years for women to achieve equal commission with men in terms of job placement. A number of male respondents from the US shared a similar view and supported his position by submitting that in the fundamental law where he works, there are very few women, and even then most of them withdraw long durations in lower positions. Some female respondents were of the opinion that it would take more than a decade for women to realize 50% representation in senior management positions. A female respondent was of the opinion that 50% representation might not be realized.She however opined that this was no t because women lacked the ability to perform in these high positions, but because they were not simply interested in taking up such positions. This position is tandem with the respondents who were asked if they aspired to be promoted. Whereas 68% of the men said they aspired for promotion, only 55% of the women were willing to be promoted. It is however undecipherable whether their lack of aspiration is due to lack of skills, knowledge and abilities. Whereas 58% of the men said that they had successfully achieved promotion, only 27% of the women shared this position.It is however debatable whether their nonstarter to secure promotion was based on their lack of interest, lack of ability or because of their smaller number in organizations. It would appear that children hinder women from aspiring for management positions because one respondent said that women who wish to get these positions put off bearing children. Some respondents said that senior management positions are not dis courteous to everybody, but to a small clique of old boys who operate like a closed shop. Breaking into this network requires people with unique abilities, and not some women have the stamina to push through.The few who have been able constitute the small percentage. Some managers were of the view that achieving 40/60 percent representation for women and men respectively in more than 10 years could be more realistic than 50/50 percent representation. They argue that it takes time to develop somebody to management level, which not many women are willing to wait for patiently. Even when they reach the top, some of them opt out and might not be replaced by other women, but by men. It was also felt by some respondents that management positions require performers, which not many women might be.They feel that 50% representation at any time might be quite ambitious, but 10% would be realistic. Cumulatively, out of the female respondents, 1 felt that it would take 5 10 years to have 50% f emale representation, 2 said it would take more than 10 years while 4 said it would take 10 years or more. Only one female respondent said women will never achieve 50% representation. 1 said it would take another 5-10 years, while two said it would take more than 10 years from that time. 1 out of the 19 male respondents said it would take mingled with 5-10 years to achieve 5% female representation, while 1 said it would take more than 10 years.6 said it would take another 10 years or more. 5 male respondents said women will never achieve 50% representation, while one said it would take them more than ten years to achieve a paltry 10% representation. The results from this research could have major implications in the actual working environment as outlying(prenominal) as female aspirations for higher managerial positions are concerned. The first implication which is more theoretical in nature is that women are being negatively influenced as far as their career advancement is concern ed.When the results make it abundantly clear that chances of achieving a 50% female representation on the workplace are slim, most of the female employees will get demotivated and will find no reason to aspire for high managerial positions. Such a decision is likely to keep them at the lower level of then organization hence inhibiting their career advancement. Making top management positions appear like a private members club which requires connections in the first place joining could easily scare away women from venturing.Not many women are able to weave their way through male dominated networks. The few who are able are possibly the ones who share such positions with men. Some women would like to be mothers as well as career women. Making it appear as if advancing in ones career can only take place at the expense of family life is enough deterrent to a womans career advancement. The practical implication of the research findings is that organizations might fail to sufficiently ut ilize the skills, knowledge and talents possessed by women.It is known that women have some unique abilities which could be harnessed and utilized in the organization. Scaring them away from management positions where important decision making is done denies the organization opportunity to reach from their input. Apart from being scared by the attitude of men, fellow women also play a role. References Wood, Glence. 2008. Gender Stereotypical Attitudes Past, Present and Future Influences on Womens Career Advancement. Equal Opportunities International, Vol. 27 No. 7, pp. 613-628

A Brief Summary of 5 Disorders Essay Example for Free

A Brief Summary of 5 disobliges EssayBipolar I Disorder is defined by the DSM-5 as manic or mixed episodes that last at least seven days, or by manic symptoms that are so severe that the psyche needs immediate hospital care. During this manic episode, people typically experience an expansive mood, excessive optimism, grandiosity, and poor judgment. Usually, the person also has depressive episodes, typically lasting at least two weeks. During the depressive episode, people may become hostile and physically threatening to other and also, when delusional, may be physically attacking(prenominal) or suicidal. The symptoms of mania or depression must be a major change from the persons normal behavior. Hypomanic episodes also exist in which a person experiences at least 4 consecutive days of increased energy and make a motionivity and elevated mood.Social care Disorder (Social Phobia) 300.23 (F40.10)The diagnostic criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) includes an anxiety asso ciated with social situations in which a person feels pressure or scrutiny by others. Such social situations almost always kindle fear in the somebody typically lasting for 6 months of more. There is a specific branch of this disorder in which the individual only fears commonplace performance such as singing, communicating a speech, an athletic event, and a lot affects work and school activities. Typically those individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder have a fear or anxiety that is judged to be out of proportion to the actual risk of being negatively evaluated or to the consequences of such negative evaluation.nightmare Disorder307.47 (F51.5)Nightmare Disorder is a repeated occurrence of dysphoric and well-remembered dreams that involve threats to survival and personal security. Typically, the dream occurs in the second half of the major sleep episode. former(a) criteria involves the individual experiencing distress affecting social interactions at work or other important areas of function.These nightmares are not caused by the substance consumption of alcohol, drugs, or medication. The DSM-5 defines a nightmare as a long and detailed, story-like sequence of dream imagery that appears real and causes anxiety, stress, or fear. In some(prenominal) instances, nightmares may be comorbid with several medical conditions, including coronary heart disease, cancer, Parkinsonism, and pain, and can accompany medical treatments.Paranoid Personality Disorder301.0 (F60.0)Paranoid Personality Disorder falls under the broad house of personality disorders. The criterion for paranoid personality disorder includes a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent. Typically the individual suspects without evidence that other people are out to harm or exploit him or her, determines that friends and associates are not to be trusted, is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fears, reads into hidden meanings about people or events, has unforgiving attitude and grudges towards people, counterattacks angrily when feeling that character or reputation is being attacked, and has recurrent suspicions without exculpation regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner. The pattern of this disorder is obviously one of distrust and suspiciousness. Generally these individuals are difficult to get along with and often do not participate in close relationships with others.Pedophilic Disorder302.2 (F65.4)Pedophilic Disorder is defined when an individual has recurrent, intense sexual arousing fantasies, urges, or behavior with a child 13 years or younger over a period of 6 months. Either the individual has acted on the urges or these urges have caused serious distress and social difficulty. The individual must be at least 16 years old and at least 5 years older than the child or children. If individuals complain that their sexual attractions or preferences for children are causing psychosocial diff iculties, they may be diagnosed with pedophilic disorder. The presence of multiple victims is sufficient but not necessary for diagnosis of pedophilia. pedophilia per se appears to be a lifelong condition. Pedophilic disorder contains elements that may change over time with or without treatment subjective distress, psychosocial impairment, or the decision toact upon desires.ReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA American Psychiatric Publishing.

Power in of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Power in of Mice and Men EssayThe theme of effect is prevalent throughout the novel Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck uses various methods and techniques to establish the dynamics of power on the paste. In the first buy food, George and Lennie are in the brush and we enamour a strong sense of Georges enate control over Lennie, alone it also shows how Lennies physical tiptop gives him a degree of power over George. In extract two we meet Curley for the first time, and his authority over the ranch workers is clearly asserted through the various ways in which Steinbeck describes him. And finally, in extract three, we see the first fight of the novel. The fight is truly versatile in how it portrays power. At different stages in the fight some people have more authority over others and we see how the workers feel more strong together as opposed to individually.In this extract the hierarchy of power on the ranch is very shaken up. crush out one focuses on George and Lennies relat ionship. Even from the onset words such as timidly, softly, and gently help to establish the dynamics of their relationship. These words portray Lennie as a weak, almost fragile character in contrast to words such as jerked, scowled, and bastard which portray George as impatient and annoyed, almost like an cheesed off parent. Steinbeck uses a multitude of exclamation marks to emphasise Georges frustration. Ellipses are also used throughout the extract to show how Lennie hesitates and stutters though his sentences.This clearly shows that he is unable to recall information and is, at times, very nervous. This reiterates the fact that George holds the reins of power in the relationship. It is significant, maybe, that Steinbeck describes George as a little man. It points out that physical stature does not equate power in this relationship. If this was not true the tables would be turned as Lennie towers over George, which is why it is strange that he is so dependent on George. This re ally shows how Lennie is less powerful. Lennies metal disability makes him vulnerable because he is unable to retain information. This is shown through Lennies very simple run-in. ..But it didnt do no goodSteinbeck also uses many question marks to show how Lennie is constantly asking questions and thitherfore constantly seeking guidance from George, and once again, thats what gives George the edge over Lennie. When discussion moves to the bus tickets and work cards Lennie realises that he doesnt have his. He looked down at the ground in despondency which shows that he is ashamed and perhaps a little frightened of Georges reaction, but Steinbeck then goes on to say that George took responsibility for both of the work cards, perspicacious that Lennie could not be trusted. This, again, demonstrates the balance of power and shows that both George and Lennie are aware of how much power the other possesses. After looking for his work card in his pocket, Lennie take out a mouse to whic h George replies sharply. Whatd you take outta that pocket?Georges tone is accusatory which shows that he is astute. He then continues to bombard Lennie with questions, which gives Lennie the aspect to demonstrate another type of power his cunning. He attempts to deceive George. Aint a thing in my pocketAlthough childlike, this sentence shows that Lennies perspicacity is able to think of plans. How would he keep the mouse? By attempting to deceive George. Eventually, Georges patience gains thin and he exclaims Give it here shouting at Lennie like a parent. Throughout the extract George issues a multitude of orders to Lennie. You aint gonna say a word, Were gonna work, You jus stand there. These commands show just how pliable Lennie is and how George uses his power to make Lennie comply. George also uses idle scourges to manipulate Lennie.if I didnt have you on my tail.This, again, shows Georges parental control over Lennie and goes hand in hand with his use of the dream to make Lennie work. Just as a child would get no presents at Christmas, Lennie would not be allowed to tend the rabbits if he steps out of line. But, as much as George chastises Lennie, he does give him appropriate encouragement. Good boy. Thats swell.Extract two focuses on Curley. When he enters the bunkhouse his authority over the ranch workers becomes very apparent. Steinbeck says that he wore a work glove and he wore high-heeled boots. The simple fact that Curley has to wear certain items of clothing suggests that his authority is somewhat artificial as opposed to Slim, whose power comes naturally. It is important to note how Curleys body language changes when he notices the in the altogether men. He glanced coldly, his hands closed into fists and his glance was at once calculating and pugnacious. This kind of body language is very aggressive and he uses it to dominate the men. Lennie squirmed under the look and shifted nervously on his feet which shows that Curleys power is very obv ious and he continues to assert his power by invading Lennies personal space and speaking to him with a very brusque tone. Curley is quick to confront Lennie, as he feels like Lennie will be a threat dure to his size. Let the big guy talk.Lennie is unsure of how to respond to this and twisted with embarrassment which shows just how debilitated he is. As usual, George stands up for him and challenges Curleys power. George has a very monosyllabic tone of voice when speaking to Curley which shows that he does not feel the need to elaborate and is perhaps universe defiant. Yeah, its that way.Lennie looks helplessly to George for instruction when prone the chance to talk which again demonstrates Georges power over him. Eventually, when Lennie does speak, he speaks softly which suggests a lack of power and perhaps a degree of uncertainty. Curley starts to get aggressive with Lennie, but the anger is totally unprovoked. Even Candy is wary of Curleys power and looked cautiously at the doo r to make sure no one was listening before telling George that Curley is the bosss son and that he is pretty handy. In this role, authority is implicit and Curley evidently has a lot of physical power if he is being described as handy by the other ranch workers. This is important to note in extract three when Lennie and Curley have a fight. At the beginning of extract three, Curley feels his power is being threatened by Carlson. He uses very authorial body language to regain this power but it is in vein as the ranch workers feel comfortable standing up for themselves when they are together.Carlson lectures Curley on how he isnt as powerful as he likes to think. Candy joined Carlsons attack with joy and this is far from how Candy was acting at the end of extract two. Again, the ranch workers feel safer in large groups. Perhaps Curley decides to fight Lennie because he wants to demonstrate his strength and feels that Lennie is the weakest of the workers, therefore, the easiest to figh t. Curley stepped over to Lennie like a terrier. Here Steinbeck, yet again, uses a fiction to describe the invasion of Lennies personal space. Then Curleys rage exploded and he uses a lot of expletives to provoke Lennie.This can be compared to Georges language and how he curses at Lennie calling him a big bastard. Perhaps Curleys reaction is so vicious because he is afraid of being humiliated in front of the workers. Lennie looked helplessly at George which shows that he is weak, but more so vulnerable. Yet again, he looks to George for direction. At first, Lennie doesnt fight buns because he knows that if he gets himself into trouble he wont be allowed to tend the rabbits, although when Curley starts getting very violent George encourages Lennie to fight back. Get him, Lennie. Dont let him do it.The fact that Lennie has to be told by George to protect himself shows just how much leadership George has when it comes to Lennie. The line I said get him also emphasises Georges control . Lennie, however, redeems himself and crushes Curleys hand. Lennie is so adamant to do what George has told him to do that he stills holds on to Curleys fist even though George is slapping him and telling him to stop.George slapped him in the face again and again, and still Lennie held on to the closed fist. In conclusion, I think it is difficult to define the most powerful man on the ranch as Steinbeck presents so many different types of power innate, physical, implicit, parental etc. Throughout all three of the extracts the balance of power shifts frequently, but authority is always evident. Steinbeck shows it very modishly and subtly, almost manipulating the reader to anticipate certain reactions from certain characters which is why I find these extracts so engaging to read.

Causes and Effects of the Air France 447 Crash

Causes and Effects of the Air France 447 CrashAir France Flight 447 was an international, long-haul passenger escapism, from Rio de Janeiro to Paris. On 1st June 2009 the aircraft crashed into the Atlantic Ocean killing everybody on board. The aircraft is thought to necessitate crashed due to temporary inconsistencies between airspeed measurements, caused by the aircrafts pitot tubes being blocked by ice crystals. Ultimately, the autopilot disconnecting and the crowd reacting in squ atomic number 18 uply, led the aircraft to an aerodynamic stall from which they did non rectify (BEA, 2012).The accident resolveed from a combination of factors relating to both the technology of the aircraft and the training of the crew (BEA, 2012). The technological failures were piteous feedback mechanisms, un pull demonstrate of airspeed readings, confusing stall warnings, absence of visual information and poor indications by the Flight Director. Failures in training resulted in the crew not responding to the stall warning, not being trained in icing of the Pitot tubes and lacking practical training in manually handling the aircraft. Moreover, incomprehension of the land site and poor management of emotions weakened the task share ability of the co-pilots.This accident has highlighted a number of human mechanization issues in aviation. Automated flight- simplicity functions move annul some danger from aviation, however it also changes the activities, work loads, situation awareness and skill directs of the promoters, which john cause problems (Hodgson, Siemieniuch Hubbard, 2013).The first problem highlighted by this accident is the crews change of role from operator to monitor. Flight deck automation uses the crews ability to perform a passive monitoring role, rather than an vigorous operating role. One problem associated with this is a drop in vigilance (Mackworth, 1948), which is exacerbated when a system is highly reli open (Parasuraman, Molloy Singh, 1993). even so, these accidents are not human operator errors, they are automation system goal errors. More importantly, the crash of Flight 447 was partly attributed due to loss of situation awareness, possibly due to pilots having to perform a passive monitoring role. Monitoring roles can reduce the situation awareness of the current immediate state of the aircraft, as well as the awareness of its predicted upcoming behaviour (Sarter Woods, 1995).Lack of situation awareness can also be an outcome of complex automation, such(prenominal) as a having a complicated flight automation system which can result in pilot confusion due to poor interface design. In the case of Flight 447 the BEA (2010) report depicts that a poor adult male electronic computer Interface played a main part in the crash. in that respect were a number of reasons for this the Flight Director display was inaccurate, therefore accounting for most of the wrong pitch-up inputs due to an altimeter error. Airsp eed inconsistencies that had been identified by computers were not clearly displayed. Failure messages were generated but only showed the consequences not the origin of the problem. There was no indication of a blocked pitot tube on the flight displays. There was also an absence of Angle of Attack information, which is important in identifying and preventing a stall. This information was sent to on-board computers but there were no displays to convey this information.Furtherto a greater extent, as the level and complexity of automation increases, the levels of experience and skill needed to be able to line up from a failure or unexpected situation have increased (Hodgson, Siemieniuch Hubbard, 2013). This is because there is less time for the operator to become aware of and correct developing problems. For example in Flight 447 the crew had less than three minutes to find the problem and take action.Additionally, in the case of aircraft, the ability to recover from a failure or unex pected situation relies on the crews manual flying abilities too. However, with highly automated aircrafts there is a loss of manual flying skills experienced by pilots (Wood, 2004). Fanjoy and Young (2005) found that training and airline policies on automation, very much lead to a lack of opportunities to practice resulting in pilot complacence as well as the deterioration of flying skills. Furthermore, Young, Fanjoy and Suckow (2006) found that crews who used the most flight deck automation had poorer manual flying skills than others. This has implications when there is an brachydactylous situation in which the automation system disengages without prior warning, as the crews will rely on their manual flying skills. Furthermore, automation will celebrate stability until it is no longer possible, resulting in the aircraft going out of control as the flight crew take over, meaning crews need to have good manual flying skills.A further problem with this is that automation increa ses mental workload during high-load periods (Funk et al, 1999). This workload problem increases when there are situations that need further mental workload during an already high workload time. When the crews workload is high, developing failures of the automation system are more likely to be allowed to develop into a critical situation. For example, if damage has deceasered or instrumentation has failed, the Flight Management System advice is often misleading or incorrect, and flight crews can be overloaded with a vast amount of information and alarms, making it difficult to identify what the problem is. For example, the crew of the A447 were faced with more than 50 simultaneous alarms.One alarm after another(prenominal) lit up the cockpit monitors. One after another, the autopilot, the automatic engine control system, and the flight computers shut themselves off (Traufetter, 2010). This lead to them not being able to get wind or identify what the problem was before it turned in to a critical situation, ultimately ending in disaster.The above problem could be due automation being an inadequate crew member. Automation can act as a poorly trained, incommunicative member of the systems crew. There is often poor interaction between crews and automation systems (Norman, 1990), yet there is a need for multisensory feedback to crews (Sarter 1999). In modulate for a crew to achieve a in force(p) level of shared situation awareness, the automated system must become part of the crew. It needfully to do this by communicating its adjustments in order to maintain shared situation awareness. Current automated systems may indicate adjustments on a dial or screen, but they do not typically portion attention to them because they lack situation awareness of the bigger picture. Clear communication can prevent accidents. For example in Flight 447 if there would have been clear communication that the pitot tube was frozen because this would have stopped the chain of events from unfolding.To improve automation it is proposed that aircraft should be made into more effective team players. A humanautomation team should be defined as the dynamic, interdependent coupling between one or more human operators and one or more automated systems requiring collaboration and coordination to achieve successful task completion (Cuevas, Fiore, Caldwell Strater, 2007). Current automation systems perform as very inadequate team members, expiration the human operators or crew unprepared when failure occurs or unusual events arise. (Hodgson, Siemieniuch Hubbard, 2013). To improve human-automation interaction, systems should be able to trade and share control so that interacting with a system is more like interacting with a teammate (Scerbo, 2007). Future systems, such as Free Flight, are envisioned to have humanautomation teams sharing and trading tasks (Inagaki, 2003) as situational demands change (van Dongen van Maanen, 2005). Such dynamic situations create occasio ns where humanautomation teams can implicitly coordinate (Rico, Sanchez-Manzanares, Gil Gibson, 2008) on an near exclusively cognitive basis (Hoc, 2001). This would enable automation systems to become good team players. Furthermore, good team players make their activities observable for fellow team players, and are easy to direct (Christofferson Woods, 2002). To be observable, automation activities should be presented in ways that capitalise on human strengths (Klein 1998). For example they should be Event-based representations need to highlight changes and events, Future-oriented Human operators in dynamic systems need support for anticipating changes and knowing what to expect and where to look next and Pattern-based operators must be able to quickly scan displays and pick up possible ab normalities without having to engage in difficult cognitive work. By relying on pattern-based representations, automation can change difficult mental tasks into straightforward perceptual ones. Overall, changes in workload, reduced situation awareness, reduced operator skills, automation failures and unexpected behaviours have caused many accidents over the past three decades, including flight 447. As a result of these factors, manual retrieval when the automation system fails is often compromised. These issues may have been exacerbated by having a tightly coupled system. Tight coupling reduces the ability to recover from small failures before they expand into large ones. Tighter coupling between parts spreads effects throughout the system more rapidly. This means that problems have greater and more complex effects that can spread quickly. When automated partners are strong, silent, clumsy and difficult to direct, then handling these demands becomes more difficult. The result is coordination failures and new forms of system failure. currently it is argued that aircraft systems are only moderately tightly coupled. However, airlines, for financial reasons, are pressing for a reduction of flight crews from three (pilot, co-pilot, and engineer) to two (pilot and co-pilot) on the grounds that computers and other devices reduce the engineering load. More automation in its system and reducing the number of controllers will lead to much tighter coupling resulting in less resources for recovery from incidents (Perrow, 2011).Now the problems with the automation in Flight 447 have been identified, it is important to understand how refuge models contributed to the collar of the accident and what the implications are for managing asylum in the future, to prevent report from repeating itself. The first safety model and safety management strategy is known as Safety-I. According to Safety-I, things go wrong due to technical, human and organisational causes such as failures and malfunctions, with humans being viewed as a main hazard. The safety management principle is to react when something goes wrong by investigating and identifying the causes of the accident and then trying to eliminate the causes or improve barriers. This results in safety being a condition where the number of adverse outcomes is as low as possible. The principles of safety-1 have been expressed by many different accident models the best known accident model being the Swiss cheese model (Reason, 1990).This model posits that accidents occur due to multiple factors jointly. These factors align creating a possible trajectory for an accident. These can either be possible conditions, such as problems with the organisation due to its design or management, which are present in the organisation long before an incident is triggered. Active failures are mistakes made by human operators, which when combined with the latent failures, result in an accident. It states that that no one failure, human or technical, is sufficient to cause an accident. Rather, it happens due to the unlikely and often unforeseeable event of several alter factors arising from different levels of the sys tem.In the case of Flight 447 the model would allow each contributing factor to be identified. For example the technical faults would be the Human Computer Interface, pitot tubes, controls not being linked between pilots, misleading stall warnings. Human faults would be the Co-pilot pulling back on stick, poor management of startle effect, poor communication and the captain leaving the room. Organisational faults would be poor training, delayed installing new pitot tubes, poor design of HCI. When put together all of these factors played a part in causing the accident.Looking for human errors after an event is a safe choice, as they can always be found in hindsight. Looking and finding human errors makes it easier to find who should be held accountable and where preventative measures should be aimed. However, when the cause has been attributed to individual error, the preventative measures are usually misaimed. Accidents occur from a combination of many factors and by blaming the ind ividual, people often assume that the system is safe, as soon as it can get rid of the bad apples.However more recently, a proactive model of safety has been suggested. Proactive safety management is part of the aim of Safety-II, which argues that focusing on cases of failure does not show how to improve safety and that instead of looking at what goes wrong, there should be a focus on looking at what goes right in order to understand how that happens. In hindsight after an accident, many weaknesses existing in organisations are usually revealed. For example, detect the deviations from rules and regulation and find the cause. However, the fact that something did deviate from a prescribed rule is not necessarily a contributor to an accident or even an abnormal event. On the contrary, adaptations are often a norm rather than an exception (Reimana Rollenhagen, 2011). It should be acknowledged that the everyday performance variability needed to respond to varying conditions is the reaso n why things go right. Humans are consequently seen as a resource necessary for system flexibility and resilience. The safety management principle is continuously to anticipate developments and events. When something goes wrong, we should begin by consciousness how it usually goes right, instead of searching for specific causes that only explain the failure. This strategy posits that accidents are not resultant but emergent.In consequence of this, the definition of safety should be changed from avoiding that something goes wrong to ensuring that everything goes right. The basis for safety and safety management must therefore be an understanding of why things go right, which means understanding everyday activities. Safety management must be proactive, so that interventions are made before something happens. In the case of Flight 447 safety management needs to ask What could have been done before that flight to minimise the possible risks associated with it? (McDonald Ydalus, 2010) The risks were built into the operational situation before take-off. Routine measures in advance could not just prevent this accident happening again but provide a more general preventive shield against a wide mold of system accidents.This has been explained in a FRAM analysis model (Hollagenel, 2004). In this model there is a need to understand the essential system functions, their variability and how these can resonate, in order to identify barriers for safety. Furthermore, another way to understand why an accident occurred is to determine why the control structure was ineffective (Leveson, 2004). Preventing future accidents requires calculating a control structure that will enforce the necessary constraints. In systems theory, systems are seen as hierarchical structures, where each level puts constraints on the activity of the level below. This means that constraints or a lack of constraints at a higher level allow or control behaviour at a demoralize level (Checkland, 1981). The cause of an accident is viewed as the result of a lack of constraints due to inadequate enforcement of constraints on behaviour at each level of a socio-technical system.The model has two basic hierarchical control structures one for system development and one for system operation, with interactions between them. Between the hierarchical levels of each control structure, good communication channels are needed. A downward reference channel provides the information needed to apply constraints on the level below and an up measuring channel provides feedback about how effectively the constraints were applied. At each level, inadequate control may result from missing constraints, inadequately communicated constraints, or from constraints that are not enforced correctly at a lower level. (Leveson, 2011). Therefore, understanding why an accident occurred requires determining why the control structure was ineffective and preventing future accidents requires invention a control structu re that will enforce the necessary constraints.Therefore the implications for managing safety are that by combining safety-I and safety-II techniques, so that there is a proactive focus looking at how everyday activities go right, then accidents could be prevented by being able to identify the organisational and societal problems, which can then be changed before an accident happens, for example by making sure the right constraints are in place.Overall, pilots are part of a complex human-automation system that can both increase and reduce the probability of an accident. Training, automation systems, and cockpit procedures can be changed so that certain mistakes will not be made again. However, it could be that with the cellular inclusion of the humans and their variability, there will always be the possibility of an accident. However turning automation systems into effective team players may transform aviation, preventing avoidable catastrophes. Furthermore, safety management strate gies should focus on how to be proactive in order to identify potential accidents before they happen, focusing on how variability and adjustments are a part of what goes right in everyday performance, which may prevent accidents from happening.